Musk's use of the platform will remain constrained by an agreement he signed with securities regulators, even though he could soon own it.
The judge in New York denied Mr. Musk's request to end the agreement that requires him to run his social media posts by a company lawyer.
The Securities and Exchange Commission had used the agreement to investigate Mr. Musk's public statements as an excuse to violate his right to freedom of speech. He said he accepted the settlement because the litigation would have put too much financial pressure on the company.
Judge Lewis J. Liman of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York wrote in a ruling that dismissed Mr. Musk's claims.
Judge Liman wrote that Mr. Musk's assertion that he agreed to the S.E.C.'s conditions because of the financial burden was unpersuasive. The judge said that Mr. Musk was one of the wealthiest individuals in the world.
Alex Spiro, a lawyer at the firm that represents Mr. Musk, suggested that an appeal was likely.
Remnant litigation will continue to make the truth clearer and clearer, which is what happened when Musk was considering taking the company private.
The decision came two days after the board agreed to sell the company to Mr. Musk. He had previously criticized the social network of censoring free speech and has said he thinks people should be allowed to speak more freely on the platform.
The proposed acquisition by Mr. Musk appears not to be in favor of the shareholders. Since the beginning of April, the stock price has fallen 17 percent. The drop is due to investor concern about Mr. Musk's use ofTesla shares as bank loans and the risk that he could distract from his car business.
The latest round in Mr. Musk's battle with the S.E.C. was a court ruling. There is a dispute over a post by Mr. Musk in which he claimed he had enough money to take the company private. He only had preliminary discussions with investors. He was sued by the S.E.C. for fraud.
As part of the agreement to settle the civil suit, Mr. Musk agreed to clear his social media posts. Mr. Musk was accused of violating the restriction several times.
Mr. Musk can't get out of the agreement because he feels like he had to agree to it at the time, but now that the litigation is behind him, his company has become.