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Image: (Emilio Morenatti / AP)

Current and former US officials told NBC News that the U.S. gave Ukrainian forces detailed intelligence about when and where Russian missiles and bombs were intended to strike.

In the early days of the war, intelligence-sharing helped the Ukrainians shoot down a Russian transport plane carrying hundreds of troops, which helped repel a Russian assault on a key airport.

It was part of a massive and unprecedented intelligence-sharing operation with a non-NATO partner that American officials say has played a crucial role in the success of the Ukrainian military against the larger and better-equipped Russian military.

Two months into the war, the details about the air defenses and the transport plane, which have not previously been reported, underscore why.

An official briefed on the matter told NBC News that the U.S. leaned heavily forward in sharing both strategic and actionable intelligence with Ukraine. There are some examples where you can tell a pretty clear story about how this made a difference.

Related video: Blinken calls for continued support of Ukraine in Senate hearing

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During a Senate hearing, Secretary of State Antony Blinken spoke about his visit to Ukraine and called on Congress to support the Ukrainians.

The White House National Security Council provides detailed, timely intelligence to the Ukrainians on the battlefield to help them defend their country against Russian aggression.

NBC News will not give any details about the intelligence sharing that was requested by the U.S. military and intelligence officials.

There is a lot of real-time intelligence that could be used to target Russian forces, according to a former senior intelligence official. The information includes commercial satellite images, but also a lot of other intelligence about where certain types of Russian units are active.

Russia has not been able to establish air dominance due to the fact that Ukraine has been moving air defenses and aircraft nearly every day with the help of American intelligence. In some cases, the air defense systems were moved in time.

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The Biden administration shifted into high gear in the weeks before the Russian invasion, when a military team visited to assess the state of Ukraine's air defenses. U.S. officials say that the Americans helped prevent Russia from taking control of the skies by giving Ukraine detailed advice about how to diffuse their air defense systems.

When the invasion began, lawyers in the U.S. defense and intelligence bureaucracy imposed guidelines that limited the sharing of targeting information that could enable lethal Ukrainian strikes against Russians. As Russia's aggression has deepened, all of the obstacles have been removed, officials say.

The director of National Intelligence withdrew and replaced a memo that banned intelligence sharing for the purpose of regaining captured territory or aiding Ukrainian strikes in the Donbas. NBC News reported on the expanded sharing.

Intel has helped Ukraine defend, and also attack

Before the change, the U.S. gave Ukraine timely information that allowed it to better target Russian forces.

Current and former officials tell NBC News that Ukrainian forces have used coordinates shared by the U.S. to fire on Russian positions.

The Russian air assault operation that was supposed to take Hostomel Airport near Kyiv, which would have allowed the Russians to flood troops and equipment to the region around the capital, was disrupted by those early shoot-down. The Russians were able to take the airport for a while, but never had enough control to fly large amounts of equipment. U.S. officials say that the failure had an impact on the battle.

Current and former officials say that the CIA is spending significant resources to gather intelligence in order to protect Zelenskyy, who the Russians want to kill. A U.S. official said that the agency was consulting with the Ukrainians on how to move him around, making sure that he wasn't co-located with his entire chain of command.

The director of the Defense Intelligence Agency told Congress last month that the sharing of information and intelligence is revolutionary.

CIA Director William Burns told Congress last month that when he met with Zelenskyy in Kiev in January, he shared with him some of the most graphic and concerning details of Russian planning about Kyiv.

White House press secretary Jen Psaki said last month that the U.S. has shared information with the Ukrainian government about Russia's plans and activities.

The U.S. military and the CIA sought to deepen their relationship with the Ukrainians after Russia seized the peninsula. The former senior official said that the CIA helped the Ukrainian services root out Russian spies. The U.S. military trained Ukrainian soldiers.

Image: (Emilio Morenatti / AP)
Image: (Emilio Morenatti / AP)

The relationship between the U.S. intel agencies and the Ukrainians has been very strong for the last eight years.

John McLaughlin, a former acting CIA director who now teaches at the school of advanced international studies, said that the foreknowledge they had of Russian plans and intentions shows that their intelligence was very solid. It doesn't matter how we know it.

One Western intelligence official said that the intelligence that has proven decisive is not the only thing that the Ukrainians have done with it. The source said that Ukrainians have fought the Russians with agility and courage, and when they have received actionable intelligence, they have moved quickly.

McLaughlin said that the Ukrainians have made use of open-source intelligence, such as commercial satellite imagery and intercepts of Russians talking openly on radios.

The fact that there is so much open source means that those collecting classified intelligence can focus on the hard stuff.

A source familiar with the government's view told NBC News that intelligence sharing has improved. That is as far as he would go.

It has gotten better, he said.

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