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FILE - Connecticut State Representative Joe de la Cruz (D-Groton) announces he will not be running for re-election during the opening day of the legislative session Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2022, at the State Capitol in Hartford, Conn. In efforts to raise the salaries of lawmakers, advocates in several states say there needs to be better pay to help improve diversity in statehouse ranks, in terms of race and ethnicity and economic background. Legislative proposals are pending in places including Connecticut and Oregon, states where lawmakers have recently announced they are not seeking re-election to part-time legislatures because they can no longer afford to serve. (Dana Jensen/The Day via AP)
FILE - In this April 4, 2017 photo, freshman state Rep. Karin Power, D-Milwaukie speaks on the House floor in Salem, Ore. In efforts to raise the salaries of lawmakers, advocates in several states say there needs to be better pay to help improve diversity in statehouse ranks, in terms of race and ethnicity and economic background. Legislative proposals are pending in places including Connecticut and Oregon, states where lawmakers have recently announced they are not seeking re-election to part-time legislatures because they can no longer afford to serve. (AP Photo/Andrew Selsky)
FILE - Connecticut State Rep. David Wilson, R-Litchfield, left, State Rep. Tami Zawistowski, R-East Granby, center, and State Rep. Brian Lanoue, R-Griswold, stand during opening session at the State Capitol, Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2022, in Hartford, Conn. In efforts to raise the salaries of lawmakers, advocates in several states say there needs to be better pay to help improve diversity in statehouse ranks, in terms of race and ethnicity and economic background. Legislative proposals are pending in places including Connecticut and Oregon, states where lawmakers have recently announced they are not seeking re-election to part-time legislatures because they can no longer afford to serve. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill, File)
FILE - Connecticut State Representative Joe de la Cruz (D-Groton) announces he will not be running for re-election during the opening day of the legislative session Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2022, at the State Capitol in Hartford, Conn. In efforts to raise the salaries of lawmakers, advocates in several states say there needs to be better pay to help improve diversity in statehouse ranks, in terms of race and ethnicity and economic background. Legislative proposals are pending in places including Connecticut and Oregon, states where lawmakers have recently announced they are not seeking re-election to part-time legislatures because they can no longer afford to serve. (Dana Jensen/The Day via AP)

The capital of Connecticut isHARTFORD, Conn. Rep. Joe de la Cruz asked his wife if he should run for a fourth term in the Connecticut House of Representatives.

Tammy de la Cruz didn't want to discourage her husband from stepping away from the part-time job he has grown to love, but it didn't make sense for him to run again in November.

Joe de la Cruz, a Democrat, told fellow House members when he announced in February that he was not seeking reelection that the retirement planner in her didn't have to use a calculator. It isn't enough to retire on.

Lawmakers with part-time jobs have raised similar complaints in other states. In Oregon, where the base pay is about $33,000 a year, three female state representatives announced in March they are not seeking reelection because they can't afford to support their families on a part-time salary. The situation was called unsustainable in their resignation letter.

Connecticut legislators have not seen an increase in their base pay in 21 years.

Connecticut, Georgia, Oregon, and New Mexico are some of the states where bills increasing legislator pay were proposed this year. The bills have failed so far because some lawmakers don't want voters to approve their own pay raises.

Proponents of pay raises say it is at risk, but it is not clear whether higher salaries lead to more diversified legislatures. A study published in the American Political Science Review found that raising politicians' salaries would encourage more people to run for office. The study found that higher salaries seem to make political office more attractive to workers who already earn high salaries.

According to the CEO of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials, low pay, along with the threats and picketing of some lawmakers and their families, will discourage people of modest means from running. That often means people of color.

It makes it more difficult for people who don't have a lot of free time and need to rely on income to be able to perform their public service. The wealthy in this country are more white than people of color.

The child of immigrants from India who was first elected in Washington recently announced on Facebook that she is not seeking reelection. She said that part of the reason was the difficulty she had in meeting her financial obligations on a state Senate salary. When the legislature is in session, Washington's senators earn a total of $56,881 a year, plus a per diem. The per diem went from up to $120 a day to up to $185 a day this year, while the salary is going to increase to $57,876 on July 1.

According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, 70% of state legislators are white, 9% are black, 6% are Hispanic and 2% are Asian or Hawaiian. Legislative chambers are still male-dominated. Around 29% of state lawmakers are women, up from 25% five years ago.

The number of people with Gen Z who are in Congress has grown in the last few years. Reggie Paros, chief program officer for the nonpartisan organization that supports legislators and members of Congress born after 1980, said younger lawmakers haven't been in the workforce long enough to establish the financial stability needed to make up for a low-paying legislative job.

Paros said that the financial barrier is one of the biggest struggles for getting into public office.

New participants may be deterred by political polarization.

Peverill Squire, professor of political science, said it becomes harder to make an argument for a lot of people that they should put themselves into the political maelstrom at what could come as a considerable cost to their families.

In recent years, his research on how and why legislatures change over time has found greater diversity on a range of different dimensions. In Oregon, for example, women held the majority of seats in the House of Representatives for the first time in 2021.

He said that the compensation that often gets offered for legislative services is lagging behind what most people are paid during their working hours.

When De la Cruz leaves his job as a union sheet metal worker, he said there will be no employed construction workers in the Connecticut General Assembly. He believes it is important to have those voices represented at the state Capitol.

Regular people don't see the value in other working people up there. They don't understand that my voice is very close to theirs.

A plumbing, manufacturing assembly line worker, and a meter reader were some of the people who served with Bob in the House. The lack of blue-collar workers in Connecticut makes it hard for policymakers to make decisions about the state's future.

He said that we don't look like the state.

In New Mexico, a Senate panel endorsed a proposed constitutional amendment to provide a salary to legislators who currently collect a daily stipend of approximately $165 during legislative sessions and for travel. The senator argued that a salary would expand the universe of people who are able to serve.

Legislators in Alaska rejected a plan that would have raised their base salary from $50,000 to $64,000. It hasn't changed since 2010. The same proposal would have capped their daily $307 per diem for expenses like food and lodging at $100 and required receipts for claims. $100 isn't enough to cover the cost of living in the capital city of the state.

The State Officers Compensation Commission proposed a revised salary and per diem plan, which Sen. Mike Shower raised concerns about in a letter.

If there isn't a good compensation package, how do we get decent public servants who aren't wealthy, retired or have the luxury of a spouse with a good enough income?

There is a

The Associated Press writers who contributed to the report were Rachel La Corte in OLYMPIA, Washington, Morgan Lee in Santa Fe, New Mexico, Andrew Selsky in Salem, Oregon, and Becky Bohrer in Alaska.

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