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In a video posted to social media, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called on Western countries to send weapons and supplies to repel Russian forces.

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Moscow has pursued a strategy of prevarication and misinformation in order to create an alternative reality to explain how events have unfolded on the ground.

In Russia, the rules for talking about Ukraine have become Orwellian, with citizens now facing lengthy potential prison sentences for simply stating that their country is at war, let alone expressing opposition to it. The conflict is called a special military operation, not a war.

The information war fought by the Ukrainians has been largely reflective of what happened in the conflict and can be documented.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. (Sergei Supinsky/AFP via Getty Images)

In contrast, Russian state media and top Russian officials have repeatedly spread a false reality in which Moscow, not Kyiv, is faced with a military threat, where Ukrainians are committing war crimes against Ukrainian civilians, and where Ukraine is run by neo-Nazis.

Moscow has made a lot of false statements about Russia's attack on Ukraine.

The massive buildup of troops on Ukraine’s border preceding the invasion was for 'training exercises'

A spike in Russian military personnel and equipment on the Ukrainian border set off alarm bells in the Western capitals. Russia denied that the build up was for anything other than military exercises. After troops it sent to Belarus for military drills did not return to Russia, Moscow denied its aim to invade Ukraine.

Russian officials called the U.S. warnings about an attack after 200,000 Russian troops arrived on the Ukrainian border.

Russia’s invasion is operating on schedule and according to plan

A destroyed Russian tank
A destroyed Russian tank on the outskirts of the village of Buzova, west of Kyiv, on April 10. (Sergei Supinsky/AFP via Getty Images)

Moscow has claimed that its special military operation in Ukraine is going well. This is false. Russia's original plan was to make a lightning strike on the capital, Kyiv, capture or kill Ukrainian leadership and force Ukrainian legislators to vote in a pro-Russia puppet government.

Russian troops were prevented from establishing a beachhead near the capital by a critical victory at an airport near Kyiv. Russian forces have been defeated in their attempts to take major population centers such as Kyiv and Kharkiv, thanks to the early victories of the Ukrainians.

Over half a dozen generals have been killed in the war, according to NATO estimates. Russia's Moskva cruiser, the flagship vessel of its Black Sea fleet, was sunk in a rocket attack. Russia said the vessel sank because of a storm.

Russia has refocused its assault on Ukraine's eastern Donbas region after pulling its troops back from Kyiv. Moscow now claims that carving out of Ukraine the region to create an independent statelet was its primary war aim. This is a completely different version of the history in which Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed that the main goal was the de-Nazification of the whole of Ukraine.

The Ukrainian government is run by neo-Nazis

Members of the Ukrainian Azov Battalion in Kharkiv
Members of the Ukrainian Azov Battalion in Kharkiv. (Sergey Bobok/AFP via Getty Images)

Putin's attempts to link Ukraine with Nazism have proved to be a stretch. The Ukrainian government is run by neo-Nazis according to Russia. Zelensky won the election as a moderate. Though it has struggled with corruption, Ukraine's government is mainstream in nature and far less right-wing than some European states.

The Azov Battalian, a Ukrainian militant group with neo-fascist leanings, was integrated into the Ukrainian national guard. Azov's own leadership has sought to distance the organization from its more neo-fascist past.

Russia has employed its own neo-fascist paramilitary operatives to fight in Ukraine, which is why the objectives of Russia are hollow.

The massacre in Bucha was staged (and if it's not, Ukraine is to blame)

French forensic investigators
French forensic investigators oversee workers carrying a body bag exhumed from a mass grave in the Ukrainian town of Bucha. (Sergei Supinsky/AFP via Getty Images)

Ukrainian forces fanned out across the city's suburbs, which had seen some of the heaviest fighting of the war. The evidence of war crimes and atrocities committed by Russian forces shocked the Ukrainians. Women and children were forced into sex slavery by the Russian forces in Bucha.

Russia initially claimed that Russian troops had left the town before the killings began, that the killings were staged, and that the massacre was real.

The war has been characterized by the transference of blame to Ukraine for Russia's heinous actions. Russia claimed that the attack on the Kramatorsk train station was committed by the Ukrainians.

Russia has a long history of trying to make false flag operations look like they were responsible for the war. The plans for a fake chemical attack on eastern Ukraine were included in the run-up to the invasion.

Moscow has claimed that the U.S. is planning on sending bioweapons into Russia.

U.S. officials are worried that Russia will use chemical weapons and blame the Ukrainians.

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What happened last week in Ukraine? Check out this explainer from Yahoo Immersive to find out.

Where are Russian forces attacking Ukraine? Check out this explainer from Yahoo Immersive to find out.
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