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Will the US run out of Javelin anti-tank missiles to give Ukraine before Russia runs out of tanks?
Army javelin
US Army soldiers fire a Javelin anti-tank weapon at a training area in Hawaii on July 28, 2016.Spc. Patrick Kirby/US Army
  • The US has suppliedUkraine with anti-tank missiles.

  • It needs to reduce transfers to maintain a stockpile for US forces.

  • Will Russia cause a stalemate before the Javelins run out?

The United States has supplied Ukraine with thousands of Javelins, the anti-tank missiles that have become the icon of the war, but the US inventory is diminishing.

The United States probably gave a third of its stock to Ukraine. The United States needs to reduce transfers to maintain enough supplies for its war plans. It will take years to replenish stock of new missiles.

The Russians have a lot of armored vehicles, but they don't have enough trained crews. Will Ukrainian anti-tank weapons cause enough Russian combat losses to cause a stalemate in the war?

Javelins ― the iconic weapon

Ukraine Javelin anti-tank missile
Ukrainian troops fire a Javelin anti-tank missile during drills in Ukraine, February 2022.Ukrainian military/Handout via REUTERS

A Javelin is a long-range guided anti-tank missile that can be carried by one person. The weapon of this war is the Javelin, with pictures of Mary Magdalene holding a weapon and a song.

It is the most sophisticated, capable, and expensive weapon that NATO and other countries are giving to Ukraine. The United States has provided 7,000 to Ukraine.

Ukrainian forces, which are mostly light infantry, have been able to defeat Russian mechanized forces with the help of infantry anti-tank weapons.

Javelins are the best known of the anti-tank weapon systems, but not the most numerous. The NLAW is an anti-tank system with guidance but not as sophisticated as a Javelin.

Other nations have provided their own anti-tank weapons, such as the German Panzerfaust 3 and the Swedish Carl Gustav.

The United States has not published figures about its Javelin inventory. Since production began in 1994, the total production has been 37,739.

Army Stryker CROWS Javelin missile
A remotely operated Javelin mounted on a Stryker armored vehicle at a US training area in Germany, December 19, 2018.US Army/Markus Rauchenberger

US forces use missiles for training. There could be up to 25,000 remaining in the stockpiles. About one-third of the US total inventory is represented by these 7,000 systems.

After all, two-thirds of the inventory remains. Military planners are getting nervous. The United States has stocks for a variety of possible global conflicts, including against North Korea, Iran, or Russia.

Military planners will question whether the war plans can be executed when the stocks get low. The United States is close to that point.

The answer is to build more missiles and launch units. The United States has been buying Javelins for a long time. It would likely take a year or more to reach the maximum production rate of 6,480 a year. Once an order is placed, it will take 32 months for a missile to be delivered.

It will take about three or four years to replace the missiles that have been delivered. This time to replace is extended if the United States delivers more missiles.

It's not just Javelins

US Army soldiers Stinger missile Bulgaria
US Army soldiers fire a Stinger anti-aircraft missile during a live-fire exercise, June 13, 2019.US Army/Sgt. Thomas Mort

Small arms, tracking radars, and armored trucks are some of the systems the United States provides. The numbers are small compared to likely inventories.

The United States sent 50 million rounds of bullets to the Ukrainians. The US produces 8.7 billion dollars of military and civilian bullets each year. Less than 1% of that is delivered to Ukraine.

inventories and replenishment rates are limited by the Stinger anti-aircraft missile. According to the White House fact sheet, the United States has provided 2,000 Stingers to Ukrainian. Since 2003 the United States has not purchased any. The FY 2000 budget documents stated that the total production was 11,600 missiles.

The remaining inventory would be about 8,000 if testing and training losses were 1% a year. The United States has sent a quarter of its inventory to Ukraine.

The last time the United States procured Stingers, production rates were stated as 275 with standard shifts and 720 at maximum production rate. The production lead time was 24 months. It will take at least five years to replace the inventory drawdown.

The production line is only kept alive by a small number of foreign sales, so it may take longer than 24 months to ramp up. The next generation of short-range air-defense systems may not be what the Department of Defense wants to buy.

When the inventory is low, there may be an extended period of risk, but a replacement is not in the works.

How many targets are there for all those anti-tank weapons?

A piece of a Russian tank along a road outside of Kharkiv, Ukraine.
The turret of a destroyed Russian tank on a road outside of of Kharkiv, Ukraine.Sergey Bobok/AFP via Getty Images

The Military Balance states that the Russians have 2,800 tanks and 13,000 other armored vehicles in units with another 10,000 tanks and 8,500 armored vehicles in storage.

About 1,300 armored vehicles have been lost by the Russians. The Russians are not going to run out of armored vehicles soon.

If the Ukrainians chew up enough armor, the Russians may run out of trained crews. The Russians have lost a quarter of their initial combat force. Reinforcements and replacements can restore some of the numbers, but skills are getting worse and the mood is not high.

It is a race. Will Russia's losses cause a stalemate before the Ukrainians run out of their most effective weapons?

The piece was published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Mark F. Cancian is a senior adviser with the International Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

The original article is on Business Insider.

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