The bill to document and preserve information on Russian war crimes was defeated by six Republican lawmakers.
The bill was introduced in the House on March 29 and was sponsored by GOP Rep. Michael McCaul of Texas.
The bill claims that Russian forces have attacked civilians and non-military buildings, engaged in unnecessary wanton destruction of property, and deported civilians and taken hostages.
There were 418 yes votes and 4 no votes. Six Republicans voted against the bill.
A Cheney spokesman told The Hill that the Wyoming lawmaker intended to vote in favor of the bill, but made a mistake and voted against it.
The Senate will vote on it.
Massie, Perry, Davidson, Gosar, and Cheney did not respond to the request for comment.