The doctor said he hasn't been able to ride a horse in months.

In the middle of another busy day of appearances on conservative television shows and podcasts, Dr. Malone was sitting barefoot at his kitchen table, wearing a navy tie decorated with dark red spikes of the coronaviruses. He had appeared on Fox News and One America News in the same week. He joined a online talk show hosted by a right-wing media personality. He was a guest on two shows.

Dr. Malone spent decades working in academic centers and with start-ups seeking to bring new medical treatments to market and to combat the diseases. He has taken on a different role in recent months, spreading misinformation about the coronaviruses and vaccines on conservative programs.

The safety of the coronaviruses vaccines and the severity of the coronaviruses, which has killed nearly one million people in the United States, have been questioned by Dr. Malone in many of his appearances. The uproar over Mr. Rogan's role on The Joe Rogan Experience was caused by his statements in late December.

He sells himself as the inventor of the technology used by Pfizer and Moderna for their Covid-19 shots and says he doesn't get the credit he deserves for their development. Half a dozen Covid experts and researchers, including three who worked closely with Dr. Malone, say his role in the creation of the technology was minimal.

Dr. Anthony is one of the medical professionals and scientists who have spread misinformation during the Pandemic.

Unlike many of them, Dr. Malone is new to the right-wing media world. There are new misinformation stars being created. In today's media echo chamber, powered by social media and a tightknit network of politicians, they can quickly catapult to fame.

In addition to his regular appearances on conservative shows, Dr. Malone has more than 134,000 subscribers to his Substack newsletter. He said that at least 30,000 people pay the $5 monthly cost. According to a media research firm, mentions of him on social media, on cable television, and in print and online news outlets have increased to more than 300,000 so far this year.

The coronaviruses have given rise to a class of people who build conspiracy theories and recruit as many people as possible, according to a resident senior fellow for the Atlantic Council.

These people feel that they have been treated unfairly by mainstream society.

After earning a medical degree from Northwestern University, Dr. Malone taught pathology at the University of California, Davis, and the University of Maryland. He turned to consulting and start-ups. In the mid-2010s, he secured early-stage approval for research on the vaccine by the pharmaceutical company. He worked to treat the mosquito-borne disease.

In interviews at his home over the course of two days, Dr. Malone said that he had not been appreciated for his contributions over the course of his career. His wife pulled up articles on her laptop that she said supported her husband's complaints.

He points to his time at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego as an example. He performed experiments that showed how human cells could make a substance from something else. He says he is the inventor of the vaccine technology.

I wrote the invention, Dr. Malone said.

He said that the mainstream media gave credit to the scientists for their work because there was a concerted campaign to get them a prize.

Scientists say it was not known how to protect the fragile RNA from the immune system when he was conducting those experiments. The former colleagues said they were astonished when Dr. Malone posted on social media why he deserved to win the prize.

The idea that he is the inventor of the vaccine is a lie, according to Dr. Acsadi. The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines work by injecting RNA into arm muscles that produce copies of the spikeProtein, found on the outside of the coronaviruses. The human immune system remembers how to defeat that particularprotein after attacking it.

According to Dr. Acsadi, Dr. Malone did not make a significant contribution to the research. The paper stated that the technology could provide alternative approaches to vaccine development.

Some of his work was important, but it's a long way away from claiming to have invented.

Hundreds of scientists from all over the world came together to create the vaccine.

A spokeswoman for Penn Medicine said that they were excited to witness the deployment of the vaccines in the global fight against the virus.

The doctor pushes back against the criticism he's received from scientists, researchers and journalists, and ignores the dozens of fact-checks that challenge his statements.

His wife, who is trained in public policy, helps him repeat his claims. He said that she writes more than half of the articles posted onto his Substack newsletter, which is awash in conspiracy theories about the Covid-19 vaccines. The illusion of evidence-based medicine and how it feels to be vindicated are recent articles.

He said he didn't align himself with any political party. He and his wife have been to many conservative conferences in the last few months.

The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have guidance that is automatically labeled misinformation by the medical establishment, as well as the technology platforms.

He said that many well-intentioned public figures and donors committed themselves to the wrong ideas just to be able to tell themselves that they are helping to solve the crisis.

It is easy to get caught up in it and lose perspective.

Many scientists and researchers agree that there is disagreement about how to translate fast- moving science into policy, and that health agencies have adjusted guidelines over time as new information is collected.

When new evidence is obtained, the guidance should change because it is only as reliable as the evidence behind it.

They say Dr. Malone has used legitimate policy debates to spread misinformation and advance claims that are incorrect.

He was promoting the drugs hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin for treatment of Covid-19 despite the lack of evidence that the drugs improved the conditions of Covid patients. He believed that he could contribute by bringing re-purposed drugs to market.