Einstein's theory of relativity explains the behavior of objects in space and time, and can be used to predict things such as the existence of black holes, light bending due to gravity, and the behavior of planets in their orbits.
The theory is easy to understand. There is no frame of reference. Every time you measure an object, it is always related to something else. The speed of light is the same regardless of who measures it or how fast they measure it. Light can go faster than anything else.
Einstein's most famous theory has profound implications. If the speed of light is the same, it means that an observer on Earth will take less time to measure the seconds than an astronauts will. Time slows down for astronauts because of a phenomenon called time dilation.
What would happen if the light speed was reduced?
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Any object in a big gravity field experiences time dilation. If you took a picture of the spaceship as it flew by, it would look as though it was being squished in the direction of motion. All would seem normal to the astronauts on board. The mass of the spaceship appears to increase from the point of view of people on Earth.
You don't need a spaceship to see the effects of light. We can see that Einstein was correct in several instances in our daily lives. There are some ways in which we see the concept of relativity.
You can see the effect of magnetism via generators. An electric current can be generated by moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field. The charged particles in the wire are affected by the changing magnetic field, which causes some of them to move.
Imagine the magnet is moving if you picture the wire at rest. The charged particles in the wire aren't moving anymore so the magnetic field shouldn't be affecting them A current still flows, but it does. This shows that there is no privileged frame of reference.
Thomas Moore, a professor of physics at Pomona College in California, uses the principle of relativity to demonstrate that a changing magnetic field creates an electric current.
Moore told Live Science that anyone who uses electricity is experiencing the effects of relativity.
Einstein's theory of relativity works as well. electrons drift through the material when a direct current of electric charge flows through a wire The wire has the same number of positive and negative charges, so it would seem neutral. If you put another wire next to it, the wires will attract or repel each other depending on the direction in which the current is moving.
If the currents are moving in the same direction, the electrons in the second wire are motionless compared to the electrons in the first wire. The currents are about the same strength. The electrons in both wires are moving in different ways. There is more positive charge per length of wire than there is negative charge. The two wires repel each other.
The electrons in the other wire are more crowded than in the first wire, which leads to a net negative charge. The protons in the first wire are creating a net positive charge.
Satellites have to consider the effects of light and shadow for your car's gps navigation to function as accurately as it does. Even though satellites are not moving close to the speed of light, they are still going fast. Satellites are sending signals to the ground. The stations are experiencing higher speeds due to gravity than the satellites.
To get that precise accuracy, the satellites use accurate clocks. Each satellite is 12,600 miles above Earth and moves at a rate of 10,000 km/h. The time dilation effect goes up to about 7 microseconds if you add in the effects of gravity.
If no effects were taken into account, aGPS unit that tells you it is a half mile to the next gas station would be 5 miles away after one day.
Most metals are shiny because the electrons in the atoms jump from different energy levels. Most visible light is reflected.
Gold is a heavy element and so the inner electrons move fast enough that the mass increase and length contraction are significant. The electrons spin around the nucleus in shorter paths. The outer electrons carry energy that is closer to the outer electrons and the wavelengths that get absorbed and reflected are longer. The blue end of the spectrum is absorbed by some of the visible light that would usually be reflected. White light is a mix of all the colors of the rainbow, but in gold's case, when light gets absorbed and reemitted, the wavelengths are usually longer. Light waves tend to have less blue and violet in them. The yellow, orange and red light are longer in wavelength than the blue light.
A 1998 paper in the journal Gold Bulletin states that the relativistic effect on gold's electrons is one reason it doesn't corrode or react with anything else.
The only electron in gold's outer shell is calcium. Since the electrons in gold are heavier than they should be, they are held closer to the atomic nucleus. The electrons that are close to the nucleus are more likely to react with anything than the outermost electron.
Mercury is a heavy atom with electrons held close to the nucleus because of their speed. The bonds between mercury atoms are weak, so mercury is usually a liquid when we see it.
In the early 2000s, most TVs and monitors had tube screens. A cathode ray tube works by firing electrons at a phosphor surface. When an electron hits the back of the screen, it shoots out electrons that move the picture up to 30% of the speed of light. According to PBS News Hour, when manufacturers shaped the magnets, they had to consider the effects.
An absolute rest frame or an external perfect frame of reference was assumed to be the best way to compare other frames of reference. We would have to come up with a different explanation for light if he had been correct.
Moore said that magnetism and light would not exist because of the requirements of relativity.
The sun and the rest of the stars wouldn't shine without Einstein's most famous equation. According to Ohio State University, intense temperatures and pressures squeeze four hydrogen atoms into a single helium atom in the center of our parent star. The mass of four hydrogen atoms is greater than that of a single helium atom. What happens to the extra mass? It shows up as sunlight on our planet.
Live Science contributor Adam Mann updated the article on March 22, 2022,
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