The ConversationThe Conversation
<span class="caption">A Ukrainian soldier wanders down a railway past the bodies of dead Russian soldiers on the outskirts of Irpin, Ukraine, March 1, 2022. </span> <span class="attribution">Marcus Yam/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images</span>

Almost no one in the West expected that Ukraine would be able to offer Russia any kind of serious opposition to its aggression.

The leadership ability of Volodymyr Zelenskyy has been written about. Military assessments of the Ukrainian army were also way off, even though a comedian could transform into a famous leader.

Many underestimated the ability of the Russian army and the ability of the Ukrainian army to resist an opponent superior in number, equipment and positioning.

What can explain the way the war has played out?

We believe that the cultural differences between Russians and Ukrainians can be a factor in the military performance of each country. They were influenced by the fairy tales of their childhoods.

Sophia Moskalenko is an expert on the psychology of fairy tales. Mia Bloom studies how children turn to violence. We know folklore's power in shaping the way children and adults view the world.

Underdog hero vs. magical thinking

Folklore describes something unique to the culture and its people. They help to define a cultural identity and shape future choices. The master narratives that Ukrainian children grow up with are vastly different from the ones Russian children absorb.

Traditional Ukrainian stories include Ivasyk Telesyk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The character arcs test their will and transform them from vulnerable to triumphant.

The formula used for decades in bestselling books like Harry Potter and Star Wars is the same one used for these fairy tales.

In Ukrainian children's stories, the main characters are often unlikely heroes, but their courage, cleverness and perseverance help them succeed against the odds.

Russian children's stories are often centered around a central character named Ivan Durak. He's the third brother and inferior to his older brothers, one of whom is typically smart and the other average. The main character is portrayed as lazy, lounging in bed all day, while his brothers work hard.

Russian fairy tales include By the Pike's Wish, Princess Frog, and Sivka Burka. He doesn't win through his own virtues, but through the intervention of a magical being, a fish, a frog, and a horse.

The Russian folk tales suggest that the recipe for success is not to be too smart or work too hard, but to sit tight and hope that magic will take care of everything.

Facing the greatest challenge

Most adults don't think about the fairy tales they heard as children. Through the experiences of childhood emotions, these early stories shape our understanding of the world. They determine our actions in times of crisis.

We can recognize real-life heroes and villains in fairy tales. They help us navigate these differences.

The difference in Russian and Ukrainian folklore might explain the differences between the armies.

The Russian army failed to perform well when faced with the greatest challenge of their lifetimes. Ukrainians rose to the challenge in a spectacular way, transforming themselves from an underachiever to a hero who might succeed against all odds.

Every weekend, get the best of The Conversation. You can sign up for our weekly newsletter.

The Conversation is a news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. It was written by two Georgia State University students.

Read more.

The views of the Office of Naval Research, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of Defense are not reflected in the opinions, findings, or recommendations of the author alone. The International Security Fellow at New America is also known as Bloom.

The Office of Naval Research gives funding to Sophia Moskalenko. The views of the Office of Naval Research, the Department of the Navy and the Department of Defense are not reflected in the author's opinions, findings, or recommendations.

  • A stressed-out father of twins is turning to the internet for parenting advice after his marriage fell apart.

  • She had nothing to do with the hearings, according to Durbin.

  • The idea was that drivers could either go through a fake checkpoint or take the exit.

  • The Biden administration made a formal determination that Russian troops have committed war crimes in Ukraine and will work with others to prosecute offenders.

  • They married at age 16 and were groomed by their ex- husband, Doug Hutchison.

  • The second day of Supreme Court nomination hearings began with Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson defending herself against Republican accusations that she had been too soft on child porn offenders.

  • Barbara Corcoran, a panelist on the "Shark Tank" show, told Yahoo Finance that inflation and rising interest rates shouldn't scare off buyers. She said that aspiring homeowners should jump into the market as soon as possible.

  • The 140-meter-long vessel was previously staffed with crew purported to be employed by Russia's Federal Security Service.

  • The Elden Ring is filled to the brim with all sorts of ghastly crawlies designed to make your stay in the Lands Between as unnerving as possible. The enemies that are giving me trouble are also banal.

  • Madeleine Albright died of cancer on Wednesday at the age of 84, her family announced.

  • The Group of 20 summit is being hosted by Indonesia this year and Russian President Vladimir Putin plans to attend, according to Russia's ambassador to the Southeast Asian country. Western nations are trying to exclude Moscow from the G-20, a group of the world's largest economies. He wants to attend, according to the Ambassador.

  • Paul was removed from the plane at Miami International Airport because he had a revoked passport. Miami-Dade Police Detective Alvaro Zabaleta said that the man was removed from the flight without incident but asked more questions about U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The lawyer who has represented him did not return a call or email.

  • If the United States pressed on with its plan to destroy Russia, the world could spiral into a nuclear wasteland, one of President Putin's closest allies warned on Wednesday. The United States has been involved in a "primitive game" with Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union, according to the deputy secretary of Russia's Security Council.

  • In a forthcoming book written by New York Times reporters, it was claimed that a controversial Vogue cover photo of the vice president waswounded.

  • Hill has a new home.

  • The Washington Post reported that the Russians waged a decade-long one-sided information war on Americans.

  • They spoke out against the legislation.

  • The running back wrote a letter to his former teammate.

  • The average apartment rent in Manhattan is now 9% higher than it was before the recession.

  • Russian billionaires have been watching the mega yacht docked in the posh Marina di Carrara in Tuscany for the last two weeks. There are growing suspicions that the $700 million, six-deck super-luxurious vessel with its two helicopter pads, various swimming pools, his-and-hers beauty salons and gold fixtures would make Donald Trump jealous. Its Russian crew was led by a British capta.