The ConversationThe Conversation
<span class="caption">Toilets in space are a bit more complicated than those on Earth. </span> <span class="attribution">Don DeBold via Wikipedia, CC BY-ND</span>

The series is for children of all ages. If you have a question, you can send it to an expert.

How do astronauts go to the bathroom in space? – Henry D., age 7, Cambridge, Massachusetts

On Earth, gravity pulls your waste down and away from you. It's a bit more complicated for astronauts. Any loose drops or dribbles could float out of the toilet. It's not good for astronauts' health or for the sensitive equipment inside the space station.

I study volcanoes on other planets and am interested in how people can work in extreme environments.

How do you get to the bathroom on the International Space Station? Carefully, and with the help of the suction.

A bathroom vacuum

The first American in space was Alan Shepard. He didn't have a plan for pee because his trip was short. Shepard climbed into the rocket and the launch was delayed for three hours. He asked if he could exit the rocket to pee. Instead of wasting time, mission control decided that Shepard could pee inside his spacesuit. The first American in space wore damp underwear.

There is a toilet on the space station. The original toilet was designed for men and difficult for women to use. To poop, astronauts used thigh straps to sit on the small toilet and to keep a tight seal between their bottoms and the toilet seat. It was hard to keep clean and didn't work very well.

NASA spent US million on a new toilet for astronauts on the International Space Station. The vacuum toilet is designed to help with bathroom breaks in zero-gravity. There is a small raised toilet seat and a hose with a funnel at the end for peeing.

The bathroom is full of handholds and footholds so that astronauts don't drift off in the middle of their work. To pee, they can sit or stand and hold the funnel and hose tightly against their skin. In order to poop, astronauts lift the toilet lid and sit on the seat. As soon as the lid is lifted, the toilet starts to fill up to control the stink and prevent things from drifting away. To make sure that the toilet seat is snug between the astronauts and behinds, the seat is smaller in your house.

After the deed is done

The pee is a lot of water. It is better to recycle pee rather than bring up clean water from Earth since water is heavy and takes up a lot of space. The pee is collected and turned into water. Coffee is tomorrow's coffee according to astronauts.

Most of the time, bathroom waste is burned when astronauts bring their poop back to Earth. Garbage bags are put into containers. Gloves help keep everything clean, as well as toilet paper, wipes and gloves. The cargo ship that brought the supplies to the space station is launched and burns up in the upper atmosphere.

If you have ever seen a shooting star, it could have been a meteorite or flaming astronauts' poo. If you have to pee or poop, be thankful that you are doing it with gravity.

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The Conversation is a news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. Tracy K.P. Gregg is a professor at the University at Buffalo.

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Tracy K.P. Gregg does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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