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The U.S. Census Bureau under fire
Census Bureau under fire: Marc Morial, president of the National Urban League, and Arturo Vargas, CEO of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund. (Photo illustration: Yahoo News; photos: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images, Mandel Ngan/AFP via Getty Images, Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)

Several justice experts are calling for reform of the U.S. census after the bureau admitted that it undercounted Black, Latino and Indigenous Americans as part of the 2020 census.

The results of the census are important to the federal government. The data collected once a decade is used to determine how much political representation communities receive, how districts are drawn, and how much federal funding is allocated for basic services.

Kelly Percival, senior counsel and census expert at the Brennan Center for Justice, told Yahoo News that the census is the foundation of our democracy.

Census 2020 employees helps a New Yorker fill out a census form
Census Bureau employees help a New Yorker fill out a census form in September 2020. (Lev Radin/Pacific Press/LightRocket via Getty Images)

The census undercounted about 5 percent of Latinos, or about 1 in 20 people, according to a survey released earlier this month. The undercount of Americans who identify as "some other race" went up from 1.61% to 4.34%, while the undercount of Native American and Black populations went up from 0.21% to 0.21%.

White and Asian Americans were over counted in the census. White Americans were overcounted by 1.64%) and Asian Americans by 2.62%.

The CEO of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund called the fire a five-alarm fire.

We can no longer rely on the traditional methods of mailing forms out to households and encouraging the public to respond, and conducting door-to-door interviews with households that do not complete these forms, according to the press.

A voter goes to the polls
A voter goes to the polls in the predominantly Latino neighborhood of Boyle Heights in Los Angeles. (David McNew/Getty Images)

The warnings we gave, the concerns that we raised, were absolutely true, and today we find ourselves with a census that is neither complete nor accurate, according to the president of the National Urban League.

Increased difficulty in reaching some populations and distrust of government surveys and agents are some of the factors that cause the census to undercount communities of color. The 2020 census was less accurate than the one before it.

Many people moved locations and were less likely to open their door to government canvassers during the first year of the COVID-19 Pandemic, which made it difficult to conduct the latest census.

The Census Bureau's Decennial Census Management Division says that the challenges in getting people to respond to a survey and participate are the same from decade to decade.

Human and civil rights leaders testify before the House Oversight and Reform Committee
Human and civil rights leaders testify before the House Oversight and Reform Committee in January 2020 about how the federal government could obtain better census data from underreported groups. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

The census was politicized by former President Donald Trump's administration. Trump tried to add a citizenship question to the form and tried to remove Americans from the count, both of which may have discouraged immigrants from responding to census outreach.

The Census Bureau's career civil servants were alarmed by the Trump administration's decision to end the 2020 national head count early and to pressure them to change their plans for protecting people's privacy.

The census tally will not be affected by the undercount issues. Reichert said the focus is on the next census.

She said that despite the challenges, they were determined to be fit to use.

Protesters outside the Supreme Court
Protesters outside the Supreme Court as the court considers a case involving the right to ask about citizenship status on the 2020 census. (Win McNamee/Getty Images)

The survey has consequences for the communities it seeks to tally. The totals determine funding to more than 100 programs, according to the bureau.

States gain and lose congressional districts, which can affect the control of the U.S. House of Representatives. The shape of federal and state legislative districts is determined by the count.

The errors are a critical issue for our democracy, according to professors G. Cristina Mora of the University of California, Berkeley and Julie Dowling of the University of Illinois.

A bilingual election official
A bilingual election official at a polling place in a predominantly Latino district of Los Angeles. (David McNew/Getty Images)

Some leaders are calling for reforms to the census to prevent future errors.

Both Congress and the bureau need to think about putting some guardrails in place that would safeguard the independence of the bureau so it wouldn't be subjected to things like political meddling, but also to look at its current methodologies and see if things can be.

The stakes are really high, she said.

An information table for the 2020 census
An information table for the 2020 census in Reading, Pa. (MediaNews Group via Getty Images)

The bureau needs to explore new methods for improving the accuracy of the count, according to a former staff director of the House census oversight subcommittee.

Congress needs to put partisan politics aside and give the bureau flexibility to consider all options that meet rigorous scientific standards, including the possibility of a statistical adjustment.

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The cover photo illustration is from Yahoo News.

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