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According to new research published in the journal Science Advances, the crater underneath the northwestern ice sheet is millions of years older than previously thought.

The crater, which is big enough to swallow Washington, D.C., was first discovered in 2015. The crater is thought to have been created 58 million years ago when a meteorite hit Earth.

The impact had the force of 1 million atomic bombs and slammed into a small island that was covered in rainforest and not the ice and snow that blanketed the rest of the world today.

The research was done by the Statens Naturhistorisk Museum and Globe Institute at the University of Copenhagen and the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Scientists were able to determine the age of the crater by analyzing sand grains and stones. The samples were analyzed by heating the sand grains with a laser until they release the gas argon, which was used to reveal the crater's age.

Photo from fieldwork at the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2019.
Photo from fieldwork at the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2019.

The lead scientist on the study said that he used a laser to release the argon gas that had accumulated in the sand grain. Carbon dating is a bit like carbon dating, but with this technique we can work out the age of the oldest rocks on Earth.

Uranium lead was used to confirm the crater's age. Kenny said he analyzed stones from the crater for the mineral zirconium and used it to determine the age.

There is no reversal in the trend of the ice loss in Greenland.

Kenny said that scientists can determine when the zircon crystals in the stones formed by looking at the ratio of the two minerals in the crystals.

Kenny said that the two dating methods used to confirm the age of the crater was a strength of the new research.

Maps showing the location of the Hiawatha impact crater in northwest Greenland (left) and the shape of Earth’s surface beneath the ice, with the crater clearly visible (right).
Maps showing the location of the Hiawatha impact crater in northwest Greenland (left) and the shape of Earth’s surface beneath the ice, with the crater clearly visible (right).

The meteorite crater in Greenland was formed 58 million years ago.

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