Associated PressAssociated Press
FILE - In this Nov. 27, 2012 photo, endangered Mississippi sandhill cranes stand in their temporary transitional habitat, to be later released into the wild, at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge in Gautier, Miss. U.S. wildlife officials have reversed their previous finding that a widely used and highly toxic pesticide could jeopardize the cranes and dozens of other plants and animals with extinction (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert, File) (ASSOCIATED PRESS)

The city of BILLINGS, Mont. After receiving pledges from chemical manufacturers that they will change product labels for malathion, wildlife officials in the U.S. reversed their previous finding that a widely used and highly toxic pesticide could jeopardize dozens of plants and animals with extinction.

Federal rules for malathion are under review in response to longstanding concerns that the pesticide used on mosquitoes and other insects also kills rare plants and animals. A draft finding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said malathion could threaten 78 species with extinction and cause lesser harm to many more.

According to documents reviewed by The Associated Press, wildlife officials reversed their position on the 78 species after talks with malathion manufacturers.

malathion could cause limited harm to hundreds of species, but is unlikely to jeopardize any of them with extinction if labels are changed, according to wildlife service officials. The conclusion depends on farmers, gardeners and other consumers following the instructions on where and when to use the pesticide.

The proposed label changes wouldn't do much to protect species that have dwindled to very few individuals, said environmentalists who wanted more restrictions on malathion. They objected to an 18-month timetable for the EPA to put them into effect, and said that assuming malathion users will follow the guidelines is unrealistic.

The Center for Biological Diversity believes that there is not a single species that will see a change on the ground because of this biological opinion.

The manufacturers agreed to use labels that give guidelines on when and where malathion should not be used. The labels would say not to spray malathion to kill mosquitoes in the middle of the day, when bees are more active and thus more likely to be inadvertently killed.

Gary Frazer, the wildlife service's assistant director for ecological services, said the measures would reduce the effects of malathion use.

According to the wildlife service, the manufacturers were mostly represented by FMC Corp. The proposed labels and other updates to malathion guidelines were developed using a standard procedure.

He said the company could not speculate if less malathion would be used.

Birds such as the Mississippi sandhill crane and other animals and plants were found to be in jeopardy last year.

The chairman of the U.S. House Natural Resources Committee criticized the Biden administration for not taking stronger steps to protect species from pesticides. The Arizona Democrat said theoretical restrictions on the use of malathion wouldn't help.

Grijalva said that they must stop using malathion as soon as possible.

Almost a million pounds of malathion are used on crops in California, Florida, Washington, Oregon, Ohio and other states every year. According to a government survey, close to 2 million pounds is used every year in home gardens for mosquito control and other uses. According to the data, the amount used on farmland has fallen since its peak.

Malathion is toxic to fish and crustaceans. The chemical is thought to be harmful to humans.

The EPA said it would post online details that pesticide users should follow, such as no spray zones in critical wildlife habitat. In many cases those are just guidelines. The Houston toad and the Miami tiger beetle are protected by spraying for mosquito control, according to government documents.

The fish and wildlife service analysis is the first nationwide review of an EPA-regulated pesticide that has come up for re-approval. The EPA said in a statement that the measures would reduce pesticide exposure for other plants and animals.

The review of malathion's impacts on wildlife was done under an agreement with the Center for Biological Diversity. Two decades ago, the environmental group sued the EPA for failing to consult with other federal agencies about the risks of pesticides on wildlife and plants, and filed more lawsuits before its settlement with the Fish and Wildlife Service.

The AP reported that the Trump administration was being pushed to ignore government studies on pesticides that include malathion. The EPA found that pesticides had negative effects on more than 1,000 species.

The review of malathion and other pesticides was delayed by the Trump administration.

A review of malathion's effects is pending. The agency said in a draft analysis that malathion could endanger 37 species. The final opinion of the fisheries service will include consideration of the label changes planned by manufacturers.

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