• Tip: tap card to advance👉

    Why did Russia invade Ukraine?

    Image copyright: Sergey Bobok / Getty Images

    Russia's invasion of Ukraine is driven by historical and cultural ties to the region.

    • Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union until it collapsed in 1991.
    • Ethnic Russians accounted for 17% of its population at the time the last census was taken in 2001.
    • During the two decades Vladimir Putin has been in power in Russia, he has been focused on bringing Ukraine back into the country’s sphere of influence. 
    • One of Putin’s earlier salvos included calling for a ban on potential Ukrainian membership in the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

    What will sanctions do to Russia

    Most of Russia's foreign currency reserves have been frozen.

    There are 11,000 member banks.

    Russian banks were blocked from using the international payment system.

    5% is the percentage of Russia's GDP that could be affected.

    The percentage of Russia's oil that Transneft transports has been hit by sanctions.

    What is SWIFT, and how does it work?

    The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or SWIFT, is a messaging system that allows banks to securely and quickly communicate about cross-border payments. A person in Canada wants to send money to someone in the UK.

    She tells her bank the amount to be transferred, the account number and the code of the bank.

    The message goes from one bank to the other if the banks have a relationship. The message goes through the banks if they don't have a relationship.

    The payment is settled by the banks. His transfer is happening.

    Russia's access to the international financial system is one of the reasons why some sanctions have been called for. Banks have other options.

    Who buys oil from Russia

    Russia mostly exportspetroleum oils, oils obtained from bituminous minerals and crude. China and the Netherlands are top buyers.

    What is an oligarch in Russia?

    Image copyright: Sputnik/Alexei Nikolskyi/Kremlin via Reuters
    Russian President Vladimir Putin and Head of Rostec state conglomerate Sergei Chemezov eat ice cream as they attend an opening of the MAKS 2021 air show in Zhukovsky, outside Moscow, Russia, July 20, 2021.

    The US and other countries have imposed sanctions on the Russian elite because of their close ties to Putin.

    The president of Transneft, a state-owned oil and gas company, is one of them.

    Brothers who co-own Russia's SMP bank.

    Sergei Chemezov is the CEO of the state-owned defense conglomerate.

  • The most pressing question

    Does anyone stand a chance against Amazon?

    In the US at least, the company has been gobbling up an increasing share of retail, and with Covid-19 pushing more shoppers online, Amazon has only gotten stronger. The company used to prioritize growth over profit. US regulators fear that Amazon is so dominant that it should be regulated like a railroad.

    Competition is still tough for Amazon. Walmart's network of more than 5,000 US stores has proved to be an advantage during the Pandemic.

    By the digits

    In the US, retail space is per capita in square meters.

    In China, retail space per capita is in square meters.

    The Asia-Pacific region has a 75% share of the world's retail growth.

    The share of e- commerce on phones in Asia-Pacific is expected to increase.

    The share of e- commerce on phones in the US is expected to increase.

    One big number

    The AMC Theatre in New York City was closed during the outbreak of the coronaviruses disease. The person is Brendan McDermid.

    AMC Entertainment, the owner of the biggest theater chain in the world, has a market cap of $780 million. The theaters have been closed in huge numbers due to the Pandemic. AMC, which operates more than 1,000 theaters across 15 countries, was hit so hard that it has warned of the possibility of bankruptcy just in time for its 100th anniversary. The box office is not suffering everywhere. Japan's movie market is breaking records.

    Charting Disney’s pivot

    Disney built its mouse house on parks and box-office hits, but streaming looks to be its future. The company was already headed in that direction. Disney's theatrical and theme park businesses have been devastated by the Pandemic, and neither will recover to prior levels of profit anytime soon. Disney+ attracted more than 60 million global subscribers less than a year after launch.

    Quotable

    By means of glasses, hotbeds, and hotwalls, very good grapes can be raised in Scotland, and very good wine can be made from them at about thirty times the expense for which equally good can be brought from foreign countries. Is it reasonable to prohibit the import of all foreign wines in order to encourage the making of claret and burgundy in Scotland?

    Commonly held question

    Once the pandemic is over, will we still do all our shopping online?

    The US Census found that e- commerce grew as much as it had in the past four years. Digital sales have increased in Asia, where online shopping was already more prevalent. Experts think that more online shopping is just part of the new normal. Consumers are creatures of habit, and Covid-19 has forced big changes in those habits. Shoppers who have never before purchased items such as groceries, clothes, or workout equipment online are now doing so. Some of the behavior is likely to stick.

    Person of interest

    Image copyright: Reuters/Christian Hartmann

    Bernard Arnault, CEO of the world's largest luxury group, is feeding his pockets with everything from a Louis Vuitton bag to a bottle of Hennessy. Arnault's empire includes a number of brands that have combined sales of more than $60 billion. He was known as the "wolf in Cashmere" because of his ruthless business maneuvers, which led to a lucrative shift in luxury that made it accessible to the global middle classes. He is one of the wealthiest men in the world, and may soon have another jewel in his crown if the purchase of Tiffany is completed.

    Sign up for the Quartz Daily Brief

    Tell us what you think!

    We want to know what you think of the new features. If you want to tell us how you feel, take this two-minute survey.

    Fun fact

    Image copyright: Reuters/Christian Hartmann
    A staff member poses holding a rare Hermes handbag, the mat white Birkin Himalaya 35 during an auction preview at Christie’s in Paris, France, March…

    Would you buy a handbag? If it was a Birkin, it would retail for as much as $200,000. Birkins have a robust secondary market and they appreciate in value quickly. According to one analysis, the value of the bags increased by more than any other collectibles.

    DIY

    We are buying more, spending less, and wearing items for shorter periods before throwing them away. Buying more of your fashion used is one way to slow the amount of used clothing that ends up in the landfill. It has never been easier because of the internet. The past decade has seen a flourishing of secondhand retailers, from online marketplaces to luxury resale sites that have drawn big brands like Gucci to participate.