This is the stern of the good ship <em>Endurance</em>, which sank off the coast of Antarctica in 1915 after being crushed by pack ice. The Endurance22 expedition has located the shipwreck in pristine condition after nearly 107 years.
Enlarge / This is the stern of the good ship Endurance, which sank off the coast of Antarctica in 1915 after being crushed by pack ice. The Endurance22 expedition has located the shipwreck in pristine condition after nearly 107 years.

Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew were stranded for months on the ice of the South Pole after their ship, the Endurance, was crushed by pack ice. The discovery of the famous wreck was announced today by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust and National Geographic.

The lack of wood-eating microbes in those waters has made the wreck in pristine condition. The New York Times reported that Mensun Bound, the expedition's exploration director, said that the wreck was the best example he had ever seen. There were shots of the stern, the rear deck, and parts of the deck and hull.

A survival story

On August 6, 1914, Endurance set sail with Shackleton and his crew. They reached the Weddell Sea in January 1915, but progress was slowed by pack ice and strong gales. On January 24th, the ship became completely icebound, and by the middle of February, Shackleton ordered the boilers to be shut off so that the ship would drift with the ice until the weather warmed enough for the pack to break up. It would take a long time. The crew was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The ship's decks buckled in August when ice floes pressed into the ship.

The rear deck and ship's wheel.
Enlarge / The rear deck and ship's wheel.

The structure of the ship remained intact, but by October 25, the ship was doomed. He and his men decided to camp out on the ice two miles away, taking as many supplies as they could with them. The bow and main mast were torn apart by a pressure wave on November 13th, which was captured on camera by crew photographer Frank Hurley. A pressure wave lifted the ship's stern in the afternoon of November 21. After a long time, the ice gave way and the ship sank into the ocean.

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After the sea ice broke in April 1916, the crew launched boats and reached Elephant Island five days later. The journey by open boat from South Georgia to get help is a difficult one. A storm blew them off course and they landed on the southern shore. Three men were left behind by Shackleton as he and a companion traveled to the whaling station at Stromness. The relief ship brought the other three men back to Elephant Island. The crew was still alive.

Parts of the deck and hull of <em>Endurance</em>.
Enlarge / Parts of the deck and hull of Endurance.

The expedition to Antarctica, which set sail in 1921, resulted in the death of Shackleton several years later. He fell ill just as the ship was about to leave Rio and never reached his destination. He had begun drinking heavily despite not being allowed to drink alcohol while at sea. On January 4, 1922, The Quest reached South Georgia, and Shackleton made his final diary entry before retiring to bed.

He was complaining of back pains by 2 am Alexander Macklin suggested that Shackleton might try to live a more normal life. Macklin thought alcohol was the reason he should give up. Shackleton had a very severe paroxysm and died. There was a recorded cause of death.