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Hector, a former Marine, heads to a flight to Warsaw, Poland from Sarasota-Bradenton Regional Airport in Sarasota, Fla. on Friday, March 4, 2022, to help train Ukrainians. (Zack Wittman/The New York Times)
Hector, a former Marine, heads to a flight to Warsaw, Poland from Sarasota-Bradenton Regional Airport in Sarasota, Fla. on Friday, March 4, 2022, to help train Ukrainians. (Zack Wittman/The New York Times)

After serving two tours in Iraq as a U.S. Marine, he got out, got a pension and a civilian job, and thought he was done with military service. He boarded a plane Friday for another deployment, this time as a volunteer in Ukraine. He checked out several bags filled with donated items.

Sanctions can help, but they can't help right now, and people need help right now, according to a former Marine who lives in Florida.

He is one of a surge of U.S. veterans who say they are now preparing to join the fight in Ukraine, inspired by the invitation of the country's president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

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The minister of foreign affairs of Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, echoed the call for fighters.

He wanted to cross the border to teach Ukrainians how to use armored vehicles and heavy weapons.

He said a lot of veterans have a calling to serve and trained their whole career for this kind of war. When Afghanistan fell apart, I had to do that. I had to act.

Small groups of military veterans are gathering to plan and get passports. After years of serving in smoldering occupations, trying to spread democracy in places that had only a modest interest in it, many are hungry for a righteous fight to defend freedom against an authoritarian aggressor with a conventional and target-rich army.

David Ribardo, a former Army officer who now owns a property management business, said that the conflict has a good and bad side.

Veterans flooded social media after the invasion. Unable to go because of commitments here, he has spent the past week acting as a sort of middle man for a group called Volunteers for Ukraine, identifying veterans and other volunteers with useful skills and connecting them with donors who buy gear and airline tickets.

It was overwhelming very quickly. He said that almost too many people wanted to help. In the past week, he said he has worked to sift those with valuable combat or medical skills from people who don't have the correct experience and would not be an asset.

He said his group had to look for extremists.

Ribardo said his group and others have been careful not to direct anyone to get involved in the fighting because of the rules against collecting money for armed conflict. Rather, he said, he connects those he has found with people who want to donate plane tickets and nonlethal supplies.

Military Times and Time are two of the mainstream media outlets that have published step-by-step guides on joining the military. Interested volunteers were told to contact the Ukrainian government.

Several veterans who contacted the consulates this past week said they were still waiting for a response and believed staff members were overwhelmed.

Zelenskyy said in a video on Telegram that 16,000 volunteers had joined the international brigade. The New York Times was unable to identify any veterans who were fighting.

Veterans said that the support is driven by past experiences. The clarity and purpose that people felt in war is often missing in modern suburban life. They joined the military because of the fight to defend a democracy against a totalitarian invader in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The impulse to join has been fueled partly by an increasingly connected world. Americans can connect with like-minded volunteers around the globe by watching real-time video in Ukraine. A veteran in Phoenix can find a donor in London with unused airline miles, a driver in Warsaw, Poland, can give a free ride to the border and a local can stay with them.

War is not as straightforward as people think it is. Volunteers risk their own lives to draw the United States into a conflict with Russia.

No one knows what will happen when war is let out, according to Daniel Gale, who lost a leg in Iraq. He said the risk of nuclear war was too great and that he understood the urge to fight.

He said that war is terrible and the innocent always suffer.

The U.S. government is trying to keep citizens from becoming fighters in this conflict, not just in this conflict, but for centuries. In 1793, President George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality warning Americans to stay out of the French Revolution. The efforts were often swayed by the larger national sentiment. Over the centuries, a steady stream of idealists, romantics, mercenaries, and filibusters have taken up arms, from fighting communism in Africa to trying to establish new slave states in Central America.

The civil war in Spain before World War II is the best example. More than 3000 Americans joined the Lincoln-Washington Battalion to fight against fascist forces.

The United States wanted to avoid war with Europe, but the Young Communist League rented billboards and members of the establishment held fundraisers to send young men overseas.

The effort ended badly because it was romanticized as a good start to the fight against the Nazis. Three-quarters of the men were killed or wounded when the poorly trained and equipped brigades attacked a fortified ridge in 1937. Others were near starvation. The leader, a former math professor who was the inspiration for the main character in Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, was captured and likely executed.

Russian Defense Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov told the Russian News Agency on Thursday that foreign fighters would not be considered soldiers and would not be protected under humanitarian rules.

Konashenkov said that they can expect to be prosecuted as criminals.

Despite the risks, the U.S. government has been measured in its warnings. The Secretary of State pointed to official statements imploring U.S. citizens in the country to leave immediately when asked what he would tell Americans who want to fight in Ukraine.

He said that there are many ways to help the people of Ukraine, including by supporting and helping the many NGOs that are working to provide humanitarian assistance, and by being advocates.

Many veterans are familiar with the risks of combat and have not been deterred by that.

James saw combat for the first time when he replaced another medic who had died in Iraq. He did two more tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, and 10 years after leaving the military, he still attends therapy at a veterans hospital.

He decided that he had to go to help as he watched Russian forces shell cities in Ukraine.

James said in a phone interview from his home in Dallas that combat has a cost and that you can't come back from war the same. The kids are being attacked. It's the kids. I can't stand by.

Chase, a graduate student in Virginia, said that he volunteered to fight the Islamic State group in Syria and warned against going to the border without a plan.

He said he knew of volunteers who were held for weeks by local Kurdish authorities because they arrived without warning. He arranged for Kurdish defense forces to come to Syria. He was a foot soldier with little pay and only basic supplies.

He said that he was of little value as a grunt. He was a powerful symbol for the people of northeastern Syria.

He said that he was a sign that the world was watching.

He returned to the United States after being shot in the leg in Syria. He got a job writing about used cars after coming home and working for a septic tank company. The part of him that went to war three years ago came back to him when he saw the explosions hitting Ukraine.

He said in an interview from an extended-stay hotel in Virginia that everything is empty and he is not doing anything important. I don't think I have a choice. You need to draw the line.

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