The US is trying to squeeze President Putin as his invasion of Ukraine continues.
The Russian elite, their families and close associates will be cut off from the US financial system because of the new penalties.
US President Joe Biden said that the goal was to maximize the impact on Putin.
Mr Putin's press secretary is one of the people targeted in the latest blockade.
The European Union has already imposed sanctions on Mr Peskov, and now he is on a list of people who will have their assets frozen in the US.
Alisher Burhanovich, a Putin ally, and 47 of his family members will face US visa restrictions.
The White House said on Thursday that these individuals have enriched themselves at the expense of the Russian people.
At his State of the Union address, Mr Biden promised to go after the Russians who have stolen billions of dollars from this violent regime.
On Thursday, Mr Biden said that the existing sanctions carried out with Western allies, such as blocking Moscow from the Swift international payments system and restrictions against the Russian central bank, were already having an impact.
The strongest unified economic impact campaign on Putin in all history is our interest and we are well on our way to doing that.
The UK imposed further sanctions against two Russians.
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