Ordinary Ukrainian civilians have stepped up to fight Russian troops threatening Kyiv as the country's capital has turned into a battleground, with gunfire and explosions heard across the city on successive nights.
More than 150,000 Ukrainians have fled the country since Russia invaded it three days ago, but many of them are taking up arms to stop Russia.
Ukrainian officials said Friday that they had given 18,000 guns to volunteers and handed out instructions to make Molotov cocktails, after President Zelensky urged civilians to support the military.
The New York Times reported that volunteers with little or no military experience were given instructions on how to stop Russian troops, including opening fire at tires on military vehicles and setting fire to a forest.
Instructions on how to make Molotov cocktails were posted by the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.