Australia's communications minister has the air of a man in the middle of a victory speech. He credits his team and the country's competition regulator for succeeding where others had failed: forcing tech giants to pay for news. Josh Frydenberg persevered. In 2020, when the Australian government asked the competition regulator to develop a law that would force tech giants to pay for the news that appears on their feeds, Fletcher was aware of the stories others used as warnings. When Germany's biggest news publisher tried to stop Google from running snippets of its articles, it backtracked after just two weeks. When Spain tried to force Google to pay for news, the search giant just left blocking the news in the country for seven years.