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FILE - In this Jan. 6, 2021, photo, the Republican side, right, in the House chamber is seen as Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Vice President Mike Pence officiate as a joint session of the House and Senate convenes to count the Electoral College votes cast in November's election, at the Capitol in Washington. State attorneys general and the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol are digging deeper into the role that fake slates of electors played in the desperate effort by former President Donald Trump to cling to power after his defeat in the 2020 election. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, Pool, File)
FILE - Vice President Mike Pence presides over a joint session of Congress as it convenes to count the Electoral College votes cast in November's election, at the Capitol in Washington, on Jan. 6, 2021. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., is at right. State attorneys general and the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol are digging deeper into the role that fake slates of electors played in the desperate effort by former President Donald Trump to cling to power after his defeat in the 2020 election. (Saul Loeb/Pool via AP, File)
FILE - In this Jan. 6, 2021, photo, the Republican side, right, in the House chamber is seen as Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Vice President Mike Pence officiate as a joint session of the House and Senate convenes to count the Electoral College votes cast in November's election, at the Capitol in Washington. State attorneys general and the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol are digging deeper into the role that fake slates of electors played in the desperate effort by former President Donald Trump to cling to power after his defeat in the 2020 election. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, Pool, File)

State attorneys general and the House committee are investigating the role that fake slates of electors played in Donald Trump's attempt to cling to power after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election.

In seven battleground states, electors signed certificates stating that Trump had won. The certificates were ignored by the National Archives and Congress.

Lawmakers are going to conduct an extensive review of the riot on January 6, 2021, and the events preceding it. More than a dozen people have been subpoenaed.

Who the electors are, how the scheme unfolded, and why lawmakers are investigating now are some of the things we can learn from this.

Who are the presidential candidates?

State parties usually appoint electors before the general election to represent voters. Current and former party officials are often given the job.

The Electoral College convenes in December after the election to certify the winner of the White House.

No senator, representative or person holding federal office can be appointed to the position of electors in the Constitution. State officials who have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States can't serve as electors.

Even though the District of Columbia does not have a voting representation in Congress, there are still 538 electoral votes that can be cast.

Once chosen to be an elector, members gather in their respective state capitals on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December to certify their statewide popular vote winner. The 12th Amendment states that each elector gets two votes, one for president and one for vice president.

Each elector has to sign six certificates to cast their votes. One gets mailed to the Senate president, two go to their state's secretary of state, and two go to the National Archives. The judge will receive the last.

How do you count electoral certificates?

Congress gathers on January 6 at 1 p.m. to tally votes in the Electoral College. Until 2020, the process was mostly routine.

The vote certificates from each state are opened in alphabetical order by the sitting vice president.

After the certificates are opened, they are passed on to four tellers, two from the House and two from the Senate, who announce the results. The House speaker appoints one representative from each party as a house teller. The vice president announces the name of the next president at the end of the count.

The certification of the results on Jan. 6, 2021, was halted by a mob of Trump supporters who broke into the Capitol and forced lawmakers and Vice President Mike Pence into hiding. Biden's victory in the Electoral College was certified in the early morning of January 7th after it took police all day to clear the rioters.

What were Trump's plans to do?

Republicans who would have been electors had Trump won the election would have met at their seat of state government to cast their votes. They submitted false Electoral College certificates to proclaim Trump the winner of the presidential election in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, New Mexico, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

The certificates from the alternate electors were sent to Congress. During the joint session of Congress, several of Trump's Republican allies in the House and Senate used them to justify delaying or blocking the certification of the election.

The certificates from New Mexico and Pennsylvania had a caveat on them saying that the certificate was submitted in case they were later recognized as duly elected, qualified electors. If Trump had won any of the legal challenges he filed in the weeks after the election, that would have been possible. He lost them all.

The lies about election fraud from the former president and his allies caused grave consequences beyond the Electoral College certification, fueling the deadly insurrection on the Capitol building that day.

Why did it not work?

The attempt to throw the election failed because of old safeguards. The official slates of electors from each of the swing states were counted during the joint session, despite the fact that Congress and the National Archives received fake certificates.

When asked by Trump allies to introduce the unofficial pro-Trump electors to cast doubt on the victory of Biden, he declined. None of the electoral college votes were challenged by Republicans in Congress. The results were certified by lawmakers.

A bipartisan effort in Congress to update the laws governing the Electoral College to make sure no future president can abuse the process to stay in power has been spurred by the insurrection and Trump's campaign to throw the results.

What happened in January? 6 people want to know.

The House wants to know if there was any fraudulent activity in the preparation of the fake Electoral College certificates. They are looking into the people who implemented the efforts in each of the seven states. New Mexico and Michigan have their own attorneys general.

The House panel has subpoenaed at least 20 people in connection with the fake electors scheme, including former Trump campaign members, state party officials and state lawmakers.

While the false-electors push was public at the time, lawmakers want to know more about the involvement of the White House and members of the campaign.

The first subpoenas were issued to the fake electors, and a Democratic member of the committee told MSNBC that it was a coordinated effort.

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