The Arctic 'ring of fire' solar eclipse of 2021 changed southern auroras. Here's how.

According to a new study, a solar eclipse on one side of Earth stimulated the display of the northern lights on the other side of the planet.

The ring of fire, or an eclipse of the sun on June 10, 2021, passed over parts of Canada, Russia, and Greenland and appeared as a partial eclipse in other parts of the world.

The scientists were interested in this event. Solar eclipses are great for scientists because they reveal a lot about different phenomena, such as the sun's activity. A new study published by the American Geophysical Union shows how the June 2021 solar eclipse over the northern part of the world will affect the northern lights.

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This is unique and interesting research that modeled global impacts of the solar eclipse, said a space physicist at Boston University who was not involved in the research. This research demonstrated the impact of an eclipse at high latitudes.

Tony Dang, a study author and ageophysicist at the University of Science and Technology of China, said that the poles are tethered to each other by the lines of Earth's magnetic field.

The lines form a larger structure around Earth called the magnetosphere, which interacts with the ionosphere. The charged particles in the ionosphere are excited when sunlight reaches them, and they thin out when on the night side of Earth.

The ionosphere's electron density was reduced during the June 2021 solar eclipse because the moon blocked a significant amount of sunlight from hitting Earth.

The beginning and end of the planet's magnetic field lines are marked by the poles. Their locations are ideal for the pooling of charged particles. When enough of the charged particles strike the oxygen and nitrogen molecule in the upper atmosphere, there will be a lot of collisions.

Scientists believed that a solar eclipse in the northern part of the world would affect the ionospheric particles that interact with the magnetosphere.

Even though there was no eclipse at the South Pole, the researchers found that the electrical currents that flowed toward the Southern Hemisphere were altered by the dimming of the sun's surface.

The new paper shows that the response to a solar eclipse is not limited to the eclipse region but has global implications.

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