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Thousands of people have been protesting against Rio Tinto's plan to mine in the country.
Rio Tinto's exploration licences were withdrawn by Serbia after weeks of protests over plans for a lithium mine.
All permits were nullified, and Rio Tinto was put an end to in Serbia, according to Prime Minister Ana Brnabic.
Serbia's general election is just weeks away.
Relations between Serbia and Australia have soured recently over Australia's treatment of Serbian tennis star Novak Djokovic.
The world's number one men's tennis player, who was unable to compete in the Australian Open, supports the protests against the mine.
In December, he posted images on social media of demonstrators and green landscapes along with comments written in Serbian such as " clean air and water are the keys to health" and "nature is our mother".
Thousands of demonstrators have been taking to the streets in recent months, blocking main roads in several cities.
They say the development of a large mine near the town of Loznica in the western Jadar Valley could cause irreparable damage to the landscape and affect the region's water supplies.
Any mining development in the country would meet both domestic and European Union environmental standards, according to Rio Tinto.
At a news conference in Belgrade on Thursday, Serbia's first woman and first openly gay prime minister, Brnabic, said that the decision to abandon the Jadar lithium mine was made in response to requests from environmental groups.
The project was supposed to start production in the year 2077.
After markets opened in London, Rio Tinto's shares were down more than 4%.
It is tempting to link Australia's treatment of Novak Djokovic with Serbia's cancellation of the Rio Tinto mining project.
It has its headquarters in both London and Melbourne. Serbia's prime minister, Ana Brnabic, announced the demise of the much-trumpeted lithium extraction operation just days after her counterpart in Australia cheered the deportation of Serbia's sporting icon.
The project is likely to be a victim of Serbia's domestic politics. The mining giant had promised to invest more than $2 billion in Serbia, but Novak Djokovic is not as important as that.
It is a reaction to months of protests. The movement surprised Serbia's authorities with its organisation, unity and broad support going well beyond the usual coalition of opposition activists.
The government doesn't want to go into the elections in April with accusations of favouring foreign investors over local interests.
The environmentalists say they will continue protesting until a permanent ban is issued.
In December, local authorities in western Serbia scrapped a plan to allocate land for a mine.
The opening of such a mine would have to be approved by the people.
The Australian government regretted Serbia's decision and noted the economic benefits of Rio Tinto's investment in Serbia.
Demand for the element is increasing as electric vehicles use it as the main component.
According to the World Bank, the production of lithium will need to increase by 500%.
The caption is media.
Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabic commented on the vaccine row.
The Rio Tinto mine is being protested.
Serbia
The environment.
There is mining.
Rio Tinto is a mining company.
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