Engineers discover method to create upward water fountain in deep water

A laser beam shines on the surface of ferrofluid, creating a fountain in yellow. The University of Houston.

Two University of Houston engineers have discovered that they can create fountains in water by shining laser beams on the water's surface. The professor and his student theorize that the Marangoni effect is to blame for the finding, which explains the behavior of water when there are differences in surface tension.
The Marangoni effect was first described in the 1860's.
"Scientifically, no one has predicted or imagined this kind of upward change before," reports Bao in Materials Today Physics. The free surface of a liquid will be depressed by an outward Marangoni convection from a low surface tension region. This perception is only valid for thin liquid films. In deep liquids, a laser beam pulls up the fluid above the free surface and creates fountains with different shapes.
Here's a Marangoni idea: put a bunch of pepper in a bowl of water. If you want to see the pepper dispersal, squeeze a drop of liquid detergent into the middle of the bowl. The Marangoni effect can be seen in many applications of fluid dynamics.
The Marangoni effect's laser-generated liquid fountains have the potential to impact applications involving liquids or soft matter such as 3-D printing, heat transfer and mass transport, crystal growth and alloy welding, dynamic grating and spatial light modulation and adaptive.
The simulation of inward surface depression in a shallow liquid was inspired by his previous work. The amazing surface spikes created by ferrofluid are known as the "magic" liquid.
Understanding the dynamics of the surface deformation process in liquids with different depths helps.
A low-power was used by Bao.

There have been many attempts to understand the Marangoni flow-driven surface deformation, but no existing theory can predict the pattern of the liquid with an arbitrary depth.
The Marangoni laser fountains are on free surfaces of liquids. There is an article titled "Mtphys.2021.100558" in the journal.

Engineers discovered a method to create an upward water fountain in deep water.

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