By Paul Rincon
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Pickford made two saves in the shoot-out that decided the Euro 2020 final.
England's football goalkeepers are not to blame for the perceived penalty curse.
Researchers looked into whether a goalkeeper's nationality affected their success rate.
English male keepers perform just as well as goalies from other nations.
The weight of expectation on the squad may have influenced disappointing performances.
The scientists analysed a sample of 2,379 penalties taken at the World Cup and the Euros, in the European League and the Europa League matches, with
They compared the success rates of goalkeepers from different nations, but found no differences based on country of origin.
Prof Daniel Memmert from the German Sport University Cologne said that English goalkeepers are not to blame for England's poor performance in penalty shoot-outs in the past.
The lead author of the study said the reasons for past losses on penalties were likely due to the enormous external pressure when it comes to this decisive moment at the end of an important match.
A study published by the same team showed that England's penalty takers are not any worse from the spot than players from other nations.
The players on the other side of the equation in a penalty shoot-out, the keepers, have been found out by the latest analysis.
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England's past performance in major tournaments has led to a perception of a "penalty curse".
One in five penalties was saved by the goalkeeper, which is why the average success rate was 22%.
The average success rate of English goalkeepers was 28.45% when taking all penalty kicks into account.
This was the second best among the nationalities, right behind Spain, with an average rate of 28.75%.
There were no differences in the success rates of keepers from different countries.
Shoot-outs have been used at the World Cup and European Championships before.
Dr Brinkschulte, Prof Memmert, Philip Furley, and Max Klemp suggest in their study that thestereotype threat can compound the problem. Past psychological research shows that introducing a stereotype into a social group can affect its performance.
In their scientific paper, the researchers write that the stereotype of the English goalkeeper problem could potentially have negative consequences, as the mere knowledge about this stereotype might contribute to English goalkeepers performing poorly.
