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Whitmarsh was appointed McLaren's team principal in 2009.
Martin Whitmarsh, former McLaren boss, is back in Formula 1 with Aston Martin.
As chief executive officer of Aston Martin Performance Technologies, the 63-year old will oversee Aston Martin's F1 projects.
Whitmarsh will be reporting to Otmar Szafnauer, Aston Martin F1 CEO, and team principal. Both men will also report to Lawrence Stroll, Aston Martin's owner.
Stroll stated that Whitmarsh is "the perfect person" to lead Aston Martin towards success.
The Canadian billionaire said that Martin has had a long and successful career in motorsport, automotive and aerospace. He also added that Martin is a proven winner in Formula 1. He is also a winner in Formula 1.
Whitmarsh served as McLaren F1's chief executive officer and team principal, and was also CEO of McLaren Group from 2009 to 2014. He was then fired by Ron Dennis, who was removed from McLaren three years later.
Whitmarsh was appointed CEO of Ineos America Cup and has also been involved in consulting in F1.
He was also named a member the Hamilton Commission last year by Lewis Hamilton, seven-time champion, to address the issue of lack of representation for ethnic minorities within British motorsport.
Whitmarsh stated that he was impressed by Stroll’s "formidable business acumen" and "inexhaustible ambition."
He said: "Lawrence wants Aston Martin F1 World Championships victory, plain and simple. I wouldn't have joined him in that endeavor unless I was absolutely convinced that it was possible.
"I know how it feels to win in F1" Lawrence inspires me and I am backed by the passion, skill, and determination of my workforce. I will do everything I can to ensure that our team is the winning operation Lawrence wants it to be.
Aston Martin Performance Technologies will look similar to McLaren and Williams, which have established companies that apply F1 expertise to other areas.
Whitmarsh's appointment comes after months of speculation that Aston Martin was looking for a senior manager who could replace or supervise Szafnauer in their F1 team.
Aston Martin says Whitmarsh's appointment will be in addition the existing management structure of F1 teams and that Szafnauer will continue to hold his position as the daily boss of F1 operations.
Szafnauer stated: "Martin is a skilled and capable business leader, extremely profitable for McLaren F1 and I am very excited to work with him.
"Martin's arrival allows me to devote 100 percent of my energy into making Aston Martin F1 Team a winner."