New report discusses coffee's effect on digestion and digestive disorders

Coffee is already one of the most widely researched components of the diet, and its effect on digestion remains a growing area of research. While this report highlights a number of the more interesting findings that have emerged in recent years, it also provides insight into areas where further research would be beneficial, to better understand the mechanisms behind some of the beneficial effects observed.

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Readers interested in finding out more about coffee & health can visit: http://www.coffeeandhealth.org

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• tModerate coffee consumption can be defined as 3-5 cups per day, based on the European Food Safety Authority's review of caffeine safety³³.
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• tTo read a full overview of coffee and digestion, please click here.

tProfessor Carlo La Vecchia, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.

1.tZhang Y.P. et al. (2015) Systematic review with meta-analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of gallstone disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 42:637-48.

2.tLeitzmann M.F. et al. (1999) A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. JAMA, 281:2106-12.

3.tLeitzmann M.F. et al. (2002) Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterol, 123:1823-30.

4.tSetiawan V.W. et al. (2017) Dietary Factors Reduce Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in a Large Multiethnic Cohort. Clin Gastro Hepatol, 15(2):257-265.e.3.

5.tWijarnpreecha K. et al. (2018) Heavy Coffee Consumption and Risk of Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci, 63(11):3134-3140.

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7.tPapakonstantinou E, et al. (2016) Acute effects of coffee consumption on self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, blood pressure and stress indices in healthy individuals. Nutr J, 15:26.

8.tRubach M. et al. (2014) A dark brown roast coffee blend is less effective at stimulating gastric acid secretion in healthy volunteers compared to a medium roast market blend. Mol Nutr Food Res, 58:1370-3.

9.tArin R.M. et al. (2017) Adenosine: Direct and Indirect Actions on Gastric Acid Secretion. Front Physiol, 8:737.

10.tYip L. et al. (2004) Role of adenosine A1 receptor in the regulation of gastrin release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 310:477-87.

11.tDouglas B.R. et al. (1990) Coffee stimulation of cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction in humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 52:553-6.

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13.tRao S.S. et al. (1998) Is coffee a colonic stimulant? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 113-8.

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16.tMurakami K. et al. (2006) Dietary intake in relation to self-reported constipation among Japanese women aged 18-20 years. Eur J Clin Nutr, 60:650-7.

17.tGniechwitz D. et al. (2007) Dietary fiber from coffee beverage: degradation by human fecal microbiota. J Agric Food Chem, 55:6989-96.

18.tMoco S. et al. (2012) Metabolomics view on gut microbiome modulation by polyphenol-rich foods. J Proteome Res, 11:4781-4790.

19.tMills C.E. et al. (2015) In vitro colonic metabolism of coffee and chlorogenic acid results in selective changes in human faecal microbiota growth. Br J Nutr, 113:1220-7.

20.tBrazzelli M. et al. (2014) Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cholecystectomy compared with observation/conservative management for preventing recurrent symptoms and complications in adults presenting gallstones or cholecystitis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment, 18(55):1-101.

21.tDent J. et al (2005) Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut, 54(5):710-717.

22.tWendl B. et al. (1994) Effect of decaffeination of coffee or tea on gastro-oesophageal reflux. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 8:283-7.

23.tArivan R., Deepanjali S. (2018) Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among undergraduate medical students from a southern Indian medical school: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes, 11(1):448.

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29.tShimamoto T. et al. (2013) No association of coffee consumption with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and non-erosive reflux disease: a cross-sectional study of 8,013 healthy subjects in Japan. PLoS One, 8:e65996.

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31.tFriedenberg F.K. (2010) Prevalence and risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease in an impoverished minority population. Obes Res Clin Pract, 4:e261-e269.

32.tJaquet M. et al. (2009) Impact of coffee consumption on the gut microbiota: a human volunteer study. Int J Food Microbiol, 130:117-21.

33.tEFSA (2015) Scientific Opinion on the Safety of Caffeine, EFSA Journal, 13(5):4102.

The Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee (ISIC) is a not-for-profit organization, established in 1990 and devoted to the study and disclosure of science related to "coffee and health." Since 2003 ISIC also supports a pan-European education programme, working in partnership with national coffee associations in nine countries to convey current scientific knowledge on "coffee and health" to healthcare professionals.

ISIC's activities are focused on:

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• The study of scientific matters related to "coffee and health"
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• The collection and evaluation of studies and scientific information about "coffee and health"
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• The support of independent scientific research on "coffee and health"
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• tActive dissemination of balanced "coffee and health" scientific research and knowledge to a broad range of stakeholders

ISIC respects scientific research ethics in all its activities. ISIC's communications are based on sound science and rely on scientific studies derived from peer-reviewed scientific journals and other publications.

ISIC members are six of the major European coffee companies: illycaffè, Jacobs Douwe Egberts, Lavazza, Nestlé, Paulig and Tchibo.

The website http://www.coffeeandhealth.org is a science-based resource developed for healthcare and other professional audiences and provides the latest information and research into coffee, caffeine and health.