Also known as periodontal disease, it's an infection of the tissues that hold the teeth in place. It begins with bacterial growth in the mouth and may eventually lead to tooth loss.Periodontitis is often confused with gingivitis, but they're not the same. Gingivitis is simply the inflammation of the gum caused by the build-up of bacteria in the plaque. If left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, however, not in all cases. When a person has gingivitis, the inner layer of the gum and bone retract from the teeth and spaces are formed. The spaces between the gum and the teeth then collect debris from things that enter through the mouth and become infected. The immune system, in turn, begins to fight the bacteria as the plaque spreads. A combination of toxins produced by the bacteria and enzymes generated by the immune system then work counterproductively to destroy the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place. As the disease advances, and more tissue and bone are destroyed, the spaces deepen, and the teeth are no longer held firmly in place. The longer the disease progresses, the looser the tooth become until eventually, tooth loss occurs.Causes of Gum DiseasePlaque – a colorless coating on the teeth containing millions of bacteria, is the primary cause of gum disease. However, there are a couple of other factors that can predispose one to periodontal disease. They are:
Bad oral hygiene: Plaque forms on the teeth naturally and constantly. If it's not removed by good oral hygiene – brushing and flossing daily, it would be easier for the plaque to develop. The bacteria in the plaque can then go on to cause gum diseases.
Smoking makes it more difficult for the gum tissue to repair itself.
Changes in the production of hormones during times like pregnancy, menopause, puberty, and menstruation can make the gums more susceptible to attack from bacteria.
Illnesses that interfere with the immune system can result in gingivitis. Diabetes also puts patients at high risk of developing periodontitis.
Saliva has a protective effect on the teeth and gum so drugs that reduce the flow of saliva can increase the risk of gum disease on a person.
If you have a relative that has suffered from a dental disease, the chances are you'll have it, too. Heredity is also a factor in the development of gingivitis.
Symptoms of Gum DiseaseMost of the symptoms of dental gum disease are subtle and should be carefully looked out for. Some of the obvious signs to look out for are:
Swollen or tender gums
Bleeding of gums during and after brushing
Looseness of teeth
Sensitivity of teeth
Consistent bad breath or bad taste
Receding of gums
Treatment of Gum DiseaseGum disease is treatable especially when diagnosed early. The treatment is usually aimed at reducing the swelling in the gums, the size of the pockets, and the risk of infection, and encourages the reattachment of healthy gums to teeth.Most dental care practitioners like the Shallowford Family Dental Group offer a range of services covering from non-surgical therapies to restrict bacterial growth, to surgery for restoring supportive tissues. The treatment depends on the progression of the disease and the recommendation of the dentist.
