The Pioneer of BelfastImage source, Artemis Technologies
Image caption, Artemis Technologies has combined foiling technology with electric power

The Pioneer of Belfast glides above the water with no sound behind it.

The benefits of flying above the waves can be seen even in large waves and wind.

The Pioneer is the first electric foiling workboat to be brought to market.

The hull is lifted out of the water by the foil, which reduces drag.

Artemis says that a vessel that combines an electric motor and fuel is emission-free.

Dr Thompson says that it's a technology that can change the world.

Sailortown was where Dr. Thompson grew up. Her parents worked on the boats while she was growing up.

She went to work for Rolls-Royce and Bombardier as an Aeronautical Engineer. She returned to her roots and took her expertise with her.

Dr Katrina Thompson, programme director at Artemis Technologies.Image source, Artemis Technologies
Image caption, Katrina Thompson was an aeronautical engineer designing aircraft for Rolls-Royce and Bombardier

Dr Thompson's father couldn't understand it. He was shown the underneath of the boat. He said it was a wing.

Aeronautical engineers, physicists, and naval architects are some of the people Artemis brings together.

The Pioneer is suitable for transporting crew to and from offshore wind farms.

They have to push against the wind in order to get to the farms. The maneuver is a power hungry one.

Wake caused by maritime traffic degrades the coastline. Artemis can operate close to the harbour at higher speeds than other vessels because of the lack of wake.

The industry that we are working in is slow to adopt new technologies. We can make a smooth journey if we start now.

Container ships are positioned under cranes at the Port of OaklandImage source, Getty Images
Image caption, The shipping industry has plans to slash CO2 emissions by 50%

Most of the world's trade is done by sea. The maritime sector accounts for 3% of global emissions. It would be the sixth highest emitting country.

The International Maritime Organization set a goal of halving emissions by the year 2050. Experts say that the target should be 100% to limit global warming to 1.5C.

The shipping industry needs to clean up.

For international shipping green hydrogen-based fuels are tipped to play a central role in decarbonising the industry.

Changing the fueling infrastructure is needed to move to hydrogen. Storage and cost are significant challenges, as well as the adaptation of the ships themselves to allow them to run on hydrogen

Some researchers are trying to find a solution to the problem.

Researchers at Cambridge University are experimenting with floating production fuelImage source, Cambridge University
Image caption, Researchers at Cambridge University are experimenting with floating fuel production

Artificial photosynthesis could bridge the gap between fossil fuels and clean hydrogen, according to experts at Cambridge University.

"Syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is an important industrial intermediate in the production of conventional fuels like gasoline," said Dr Virgil Andrei, research fellow at the University of Cambridge. We wouldn't need fossil resources if we could produce syngas.

Tourists chatter as a punt floats down the River Cam, under the Bridge of Sighs. The surface of the water is speckled with gold and red leaves.

A leaf is out of place A duck is being protected by Dr. Andrei.

He assures me that it will not consume it.

He says the plastic cover should be strong enough to prevent animals from eating it.

"Covering the water surface up to 50% does not affect wildlife, and may even provide benefits, like preventing water evaporation from irrigation canals," says Dr Andrei.

The leaves have two light absorbers which harvest sunlight.Image source, Cambridge University
Image caption, The "leaves" have two light absorbers which harvest sunlight

Artificial leaves that generate clean fuels from sunlight and water are being developed by a team at Cambridge University.

There are two types of absorbers in the leaves. Oxygen is produced from the water by using light from the blue end of the spectrum. Light from the red end of the spectrum can be used to convert carbon dioxide and protons.

The flexible devices could be used to generate a sustainable alternative to petrol without taking up a lot of land.

You could have fuel production in remote areas. There could be stations for ships.

This is the first time that clean fuel has been generated on water and, if scaled up, the artificial leaves could be used on polluted waterways, in ports or at sea.

Others are reviving ways to ship cargo that has been around for centuries, even though that technology is still a long way from being deployed.

Sailcargo's shipyard in Costa RicaImage source, Jeremy Starn
Image caption, Sailcargo is building a new ship at its boatyard in Costa Rica

Julia is the chief executive of Sailcargo.

The Ceiba is being built at its shipyard. The ship is due to set sail in the year twenty four.

The ship is 45m long and has three masts.

It can carry about nine standard shipping containers.

She will be the biggest clean cargo vessel in the world.

The crew knows that with every strike of a hammer or pull of a rope they are contributing to a larger mission.

Julia Milmore, chief executive of SailcargoImage source, Isley Reust
Image caption, Julia Milmore says smaller ships can avoid congested ports

Another refurbished vessel, the Vega Gamley, was purchased by a Swedish family who had owned the ship for decades.

The Vega will make up to eight trips a year between the US and South America. The voyages will take 16 days and six days in ports.

Vega in under sail during the delivery from Sweden to Harlingen, NetherlandsImage source, SailCargo
Image caption, The Vega Gamley is ready to transport Fair Trade coffee between the Americas

It only takes one look at the map of active ships to see the weeks-long waiting times outside of ports around the world.

Some of her sailing ships can carry more than 20,000 containers, but only a tiny fraction of them.

Smaller boats can be used to avoid the shipping industry's many problems.

Consumers have grown beyond the infrastructure. Our flexible unloading and loading operations allow us to ignore this. We are pulling ourselves away from the market that has let us down.

  • Shipping industry
  • Environment