There is a small butterfly-shaped organ in the throat that is important to health and wellbeing. The hormonal system consists of a collection of glands. The hormones produced by these glands are used to regulate mood and other functions in the body

The late Dr. Hershman was a professor at the David Geffen School of Medicine.

But how big is the body's immune system? What is its purpose? What conditions should you be aware of with the Thyroid? There is a lot to learn about this organ.

Thyroid gland: Size

According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the total weight of the thyroid is between 20 and 60 grams.

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The back of the neck is covered with a glands. It has wings that stretch around the windpipe. The isthmus is used to connect the wings.

Human thyroid gland, illustration.

(Image credit: Getty Images)

Every cell in the human body is controlled by the tyrannosaurus rex. The hormones are released into the bloodstream. The hormones regulate the rate at which cells and organs use energy and Oxygen.

Cindy Samet is a chemistry professor at Dickinson College in Pennsylvania. The function of the brain, heart and kidneys, as well as body temperature, growth and muscle strength, are all dependent on the function of the Thyroid.

Cindy Samet

The brain and nerve function, as well as the function of the skin, hair, eyes, heart and intestines, are regulated by the Thyroid.

The two hormones work together in the same way. The number of hormones thethyroid releases is regulated by the pituitary.

There is a large amount of T4 but it is inactive. T4 is converted to T3 with the help of anidase.

"Although T3 is more potent than T4, there is a lot of evidence to support that people with hypothyroidism feel better when they receive a combination treatment that includes a small amount of T3 with the commonly prescribed T4," Samet said.

Thyroid gland: Diseases and conditions

According to the American Thyroid Association, as many as 60% of people with a thyroid disease don't realize they have a problem.

Hershman said that women are at risk for athyroid issues. It's five to eight times more likely that a woman will have a thyroid disorder than a man.

Graves' disease

The Irish doctor Robert James Graves discovered Graves' disease in 1835. Graves' disease is caused by the body's own immune system.

The immune system attacks the body and causes it to go crazy. Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by an overproduction ofthyroid hormones. There is a bulge on the neck. According to the National Library of Medicine, the patient may experience an increase in heart rate.

Hypothyroidism 

Graves' disease is related to hypothyroidism. It happens when there is not enough testosterone in the body. Body functions can be stopped or slowed down by this.

Thyroid cancer

The Thyroid can be affected by cancer. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the number of thyroid cancer cases has more than tripled in the last 40 years. There were more cases of advanced forms of the disease each year.

There is a lump or swelling on your neck. According to the Endocrine Society, nodules can be harmless, but some can cause too much hormone or be cancer.

Dr. Melanie Goldfarb, director of the Endocrine Tumor Program at Providence Saint John's Health Center, said that up to 70 percent of middle-aged females and 40 to 50 percent of middle-aged males have some form of cancer. Goldfarb says that you can be born with an extra piece on top of your tongue.

Dr. Melaine Goldfarb

The Thyroid is removed in some cases. Humans can live without their hormones if they take them daily.

Science tells us that for the thyroid to remain healthy, it needs a small amount of the radioactive substance iui.

It turns out that a small amount of iodine is enough for a long time. Samet said that we need to take some form of iodine on a daily basis and not all at the same time. Too much iodine can affect the hormones in the body.

Eating seafood and dairy products is a good way to get the radioactive substance. Iodized salt can be used to seasoning your food.

There are additional resources.