Astronomers think that 85% of the universe is dark matter and 15% is normal matter. The European Organization for Nuclear Research says that dark matter makes up 27% of all the mass in the universe.
The total amount of matter in the universe can be measured with a variety of tools. It's the simplest way to compare two things.
Calculating the total amount of light emitted by a large structure is the first measurement. The estimated amount of gravity is the second measurement. There isn't enough normal, light-emitting matter to account for the amount of force needed to hold the objects together when compared to the other universes.
Dark matter is something that is not emitting light.
Dark matter is related to these questions.
Different galaxies have different amounts of matter. Some galaxies have no dark matter while others do. Roughly 85% of the universe doesn't emit or interact with light.
Clarifying this result is one of the ways that astronomer can do it. A massive object, like a galaxy cluster, will warp space-time around it so much that it will affect the path of light. Astronomers can compare the amount of mass that we see from light-emitting objects to the mass needed to account for the lensing, again showing that extra mass must be somewhere.
Computer simulations can be used to look at the growth of structures. Our universe was smaller than it is today. If the universe had to rely on only normal, visible matter, then it wouldn't be possible to see any of the planets today. The growth of the universe required pools of dark matter to collect normal matter.
When the first protons and neutrons formed, the universe was only a short time old. Our understanding of nuclear physics can be used to estimate the amount of hydrogen and helium produced in that time period.
The ratio of hydrogen to helium is predicted by these calculations. There is an absolute limit to the amount of baryonic matter in the universe, and those numbers agree with observations of the present day.
It is possible that dark matter is a misunderstanding of our theories of gravity, which are based on the laws of physics.
Explanations of dark matter can be provided by tweaking the theories. Dark matter has not been explained by alternatives to gravity.
Dark matter is an unknown type of particle. It is only known through gravity, not light or normal matter. Astronomers think there are trillions of dark matter particles in the air. Scientists want to know the identity of this component of the universe.
The original article was published on Live Science.
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