Activists at the summit in Egypt on SaturdayImage source, Reuters
Image caption, Activists at the summit in Egypt on Saturday

A pooled fund for countries most affected by climate change has been hailed as a historic moment. Since the Paris Agreement was signed, it has been seen as the most important climate advance.

The ghosts of a changing climate were not seen by the richer world.

Money has been available to help countries deal with rising temperatures, but there was nothing for those who had lost everything.

Harjeet Singh from the Climate Action Network said that a solar panel or a sea wall isn't much use for someone who has seen his home destroyed in Pakistan.

The decision on loss and damage will take some time.

Many unknowns surround the fund. How will the criteria be used to determine aPayout? Will the money come from somewhere?

The EU's contribution is less than Pakistan's.

Establishing the loss and damage fund is more than just money or compensation.

The fund shows that no one will be left behind despite the impact of the rising temperatures.

This is a concrete demonstration that we are all in.

Media caption,

A deal is made to pay poorer nations for climate change.

The last hours of the negotiation can be seen as a step backwards in the fight against global warming.

The cover decision was seen as a missed opportunity in the fight against climate change.

The man who ran the negotiations in Glasgow made it clear.

The science tells us that missions need to peak before 2020. "No, not in this text," said Alok.

Follow-through on the phase down of coal is clear. This text is not in it.

There was a sharp U-turn on the language surrounding fossil fuels.

There is a reference to "low emission and renewable energy".

This is believed to be a significant loophole that could allow for the development of further gas resources as gas produces less emissions than coal.

Over the next five years, there is a 50% chance that we will go over this important marker of temperature increases. It's likely to be passed permanently by 2031.

The EU and other developed countries were willing to die for the sake of keeping the 1.5C goal.

The cover text failed to include a reference to the phasing out of fossil fuels, seen as a necessary advance on the decision to phase down the use of coal.

Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner is the Climate Envoy of the Marshall Islands and she would like to see fossil fuel phased out.

The current text isn't sufficient. The loss and damage fund has shown us that we can do impossible things. We know we can get rid of fossil fuels once and for all next year.

The richer nations have a deep sense of solidarity with the island states on this issue.

The US, EU and other richer countries are less concerned about the goal because of their faith in the threshold.

The closer we get to the 1.5C guiderail, the better the world will be, but it's also a political and economic bridge to the developing world.

Expect the diplomatic attachment to grow stronger in the coming years even though the science and the COP process don't go well.

Image caption, Chart showing China as main emitter of CO2

The presence and power of fossil fuel was one of the key lessons learned from COP 27.

People who work in the oil and gas industry were all around. A lot of them were part of trade teams.

At times, the pavilion felt like a fossil fuel fair. In the final text, the influence was visible.

Demands from India and other countries for fossil fuels to be phased down didn't survive despite the support of the EU and many other countries.

Many African countries were interested in using the COP as a platform to promote their oil and gas initiatives.

The outcome only talks about phase-down of coal power, which is a disaster for Africa and the climate.

We don't need more gas exploration in Africa for the sake of rich countries and corporations. We needed an agreement to phase out fossil fuels quickly.

The battle will be resumed at the 28th Congress of the United Nations.

Image caption, Brazil's president-elect (centre), pictured at the conference on Thursday

The president-elect of Brazil was the darling of theCOP.

In 2009, he did the same thing, but this time he promised zero deforestation by the year 2030.

People's faith in the power of the ballot box to solve the climate problem was restored by the man who was more committed to the Amazon.

President Biden did the same thing. The inflation reduction act will not be watered down because of the retention of the Senate by the democrats.

It puts the US' carbon cutting goal within reach.

In the actions of the host country, it was shown that democracy is an effective weapon against climate change.

The conference was held in an atmosphere that was barely restrained.

The Egyptian hosts didn't pay much attention to the basic needs of a conference such as food, drink and decent internet.

There was a lack of sympathy from the negotiators for the presidency. This was important in the finale.

The conference could have made a big difference in the fight against climate change. The hosts are to blame for it not hitting that mark.