The person is Madeleine Cuff.

Indigenous women embracing

The women embraced at the summit.

The images are supplied by LightRocket via the spha Images.

The global "loss and damage" fund will be created by delegates at the COP 27 climate summit in Sharm El Sheikh.

After more than two decades of campaigning by developing countries, rich nations relented in the early hours of 20 November and agreed to set up a compensation fund.

The details of how the fund will operate, including the crucial question of which nations will contribute, are still to be worked out, but activists and delegates from vulnerable nations said the agreement was a historic victory for climate justice

Saleemul Huq has been pushing for a global loss and damage agreement. He says that this has been a demand from the most vulnerable countries for a long time. The developed countries finally agreed to establish the fund for addressing loss and damage from climate change after all the developing countries banded together under the leadership of Pakistan.

The European Union, the UK and other developed nations walked away from the talks completely dissatisfied with the outcome. They argue the deal does little to advance progress on cutting emissions this decade and therefore weakens any chance of limiting warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial temperatures.

Frans Timmermans, the EU's climate policy chief, told reporters on November 18 that the bloc was willing to change its stance. The move paved the way for the final deal, according to observers.

The EU offered a compromise. The EU demanded tougher global commitments on cutting emissions and phasing out coal in return for backing a loss and damage fund.

"We need to move forward, not backwards and all EU ministers are prepared to walk away if we don't have a result that does justice to what the world is waiting for."

Despite hours of torturous negotiations that ran late into the night, few of themitigation demands made it into the final agreement. Russia and Saudi Arabia opposed attempts to push for harsher carbon cuts.

No progress on cutting emissions

The UK and others had to fight relentlessly to hold the line on what was agreed at last year's summit in Glasgow, UK, which saw countries urged to deliver more ambitious climate plans.

He was disappointed that the final agreement did not include any reference to peaking global emissions before 2025.

The final text called for an increase in low-emission and renewable energy which countries fear could allow for an expansion of natural gas use.

The pulse of 1.5C was not strong. It's still on life support. If we have fully risen to that challenge over the past two weeks, we need to look in the mirror and see if we have fallen short.

Climate scientists warn that it will be impossible to avoid a rise in temperatures of more than 1.5C without cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

The deal doesn't address the yawning gap between climate science and policy, according to Timmermans. He said that it doesn't bring a high degree of confidence.

The Egyptian presidency claimed victory despite the unhappiness. Sameh Shoukry, Egypt's foreign minister, said that they rose to the occasion. We worked around the clock, day and night, but we all worked for the same goal. We were able to deliver in the end. The calls of anguish and despair were heard by us.

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