Protesters hold a sign that says
Protesters hold Ukrainian flags and placards during the demonstration.Photo by Hakan Akgun/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
  • According to reports, two people were killed when Russian missiles hit Poland.

  • NATO allows members to call for a consultation when threatened.

  • After Russia invaded Ukraine in February, several NATO countries invoked a clause in the alliance's constitution.

A US intelligence official told the Associated Press that two people were killed when Russian missiles hit the village.

Russia's ongoing assault on Ukraine has forced the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and its 30 member countries to continually grapple with the role they should play in the conflict.

The Pentagon on Tuesday reiterated President Joe Biden's previous statement that the US would defend every inch of NATO territory.

The collective defense principle is at the center of NATO. The more likely response may be the less well-known predecessor.

Simon Miles is an assistant professor at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy and a historian of the Soviet Union and US.

What is NATO?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 to fight Soviet expansionism and encourage European political integration after World War II.

NATO is a collective security system in which member states agree to defend one another against attacks.

When the alliance was founded, it contained just 12 countries. There are now two countries in North America and 28 European countries.

One of the NATO's "enhanced opportunity partners" is Ukraine, though it is not a member of the alliance.

NATO has no obligation to defendUkraine against Russia's attacks.

What is Article 4 of NATO's treaty?

According to the treaty, any member nation can call for a consultation of the organization's governing body when the territorial integrity, political independence, or security of any of the parties is at risk.

It is not a guarantee that the alliance will act, but it is a step in the right direction. Communication begins on behalf of the member.

The alliance talks about the threat and how to counter it. There is no voting within the alliance. NATO's website states that consultations continue until a unanimous decision is reached.

Following Russia's invasion in February, a group of Eastern European countries requested talks with NATO.

Soldiers of an airborne brigade of the US Army stand at the Adazi Military Base of the Latvian armed forces in Adazi, Latvia on February 25, 2022, upon arrival for their mission to strengthen the NATO enhanced Forward Presence multinational battle group in the wake of Russia's military aggression of Ukraine.Photo by Gints Ivuskans / AFP) (Photo by GINTS IVUSKANS/AFP via Getty Images

When has Article 4 been invoked before?

According to the alliance's website, only six times before the start of the war in Ukranian did NATO invoke the right to collective defense.

In February 2020 it was used by Turkey after Syrian government forces killed dozens of Turkish soldiers in northern Syria.

Five times it was used.

  • The alliance was warned about the impending response to terrorist attacks by Turkey.

  • The article 4 was invoked by Poland in March of this year.

  • The Turkish people were killed by Syrian shells.

  • Turkey asked for a meeting after one of its fighter jets was shot down.

  • NATO was asked to help protect Turkey's people from the effects of the war in Iraq.

NATO responded to two of those occasions with military assistance, aiding Turkey with Patriot missile batteries to combat Syrian attacks in 2012 and providing aircraft and missile batteries along the Turkey-Iraq border in 2003

NATO efforts to defend the alliance were strengthened after Poland used the tenet.

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg speaks during a media conference after convening an online NATO leaders summit at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Friday, Feb. 25, 2022.AP Photo/Olivier Matthys

What was the outcome of Friday's discussion?

World leaders attended a virtual NATO summit in February of 2022. On the previous day, NATO members discussed the situation in Ukraine.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told journalists after the Friday meeting that NATO would continue to send weapons to Ukraine.

NATO's combat- ready response force has never been activated as a defensive measure.

The NATO Supreme Allied Commander said in a statement that this is the first time the alliance has used high readiness forces in a defense role.

Special operations forces from the alliance's member nations are ready for deployment.

The deployment of US troops to Eastern Europe has been made clear by Biden.

Zelensky called on NATO to do more after thanking it for its help.

Our country is being defended by us alone. Who is going to protect us? Zelensky told CNN that he did not see any. Who is willing to guarantee thatUkraine will join NATO? Everyone is scared.

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