The Arecibo Observatory was the second largest single-dish radio telescope in the world before it collapsed. The astronomy community supported the National Science Foundation's decision not to rebuild the telescope.

The Arecibo was an icon for its science and appearance, as it included a platform suspended high above a huge radio dish.

During its half century in operation, Arecibo contributed an astounding catalog of astronomy work. It was the site of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence message directed at the M13 in 1974.

The location of a fight in a James Bond film was Arecibo. "Contact" is a 1997 film based on a novel.

There is a giant radio telescope in Puerto Rico.

The National Science Foundation, which provided most of the observatory's funding since the 1970s, said in February that it would cut its annual contribution from $8 million to $2 million. The observatory was taken over by the University of Central Florida.

Arecibo didn't make it that long. The radio telescope's science platform collapsed after the National Science Foundation decided it was too dangerous to fix. The loss of the observatory was mourned by scientists around the world, but experts say the lack of funding for scientific infrastructure was to blame.

There is a possibility of the Arecibo Observatory telescope collapsing.

From military observatory to civilian astronomy

The ionosphere is an area of the upper atmosphere that is important to understand to properly transmit radio signals. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was interested in this region and was able to get military funding for the observatory.

The world's largest radio telescope was dedicated in 1963, but it was already facing funding issues as ARPA's research budget decreased. In 1967, the research was transferred to the civilian sector and astronomy.

NASA came on board in 1971 through a cost-sharing agreement with the National Science Foundation. A second line for ionospheric radar was added by the partners in 1997. "Arecibo became a powerful tool for scientific research focused on ionospheric physics, radar and radio astronomy, and aeronomy," according to the National Science Foundation.

spinning asteroid rendered against a black background

This image of asteroid 2015 TB145 was generated using radar data collected by the National Science Foundation's Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. (Image credit: NAIC-Arecibo/NSF)

The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center was where the telescope ended its work. The National Science Foundation had a cooperation agreement with the entities that operated Arecibo.

The reflective dish covered an area of about 20 acres and was 1000 feet in diameter. A platform was suspended above a dish. Azimuth arm, dome, and set of antennae were on the platform.

The largest radio telescope until July 2016 was Arecibo, which was finished by China. It's 1,650 feet wide and 30 feet tall.

Key discoveries

Arecibo key discoveries timeline: Key discoveries of Arecibo during its lifetime included, according to NSF: 1967 Identified Mercurys's rotation was 59 days (not 88 days as previously believed) 1974 A Nobel Prize-winning discovery in 1974 for finding the first-ever binary pulsar (awarded to Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor in 1993.) 1975 Performed radar observations of Mars to support the Viking mission. 1981 Made the first-ever radar maps of Venus. 1992 Found the first-ever exoplanet system at pulsar PSR B1257+12. 1994: Mapped water ice on the surface of Mercury 1996: Found ionized helium in Earth's ionosphere. 2006: Studyied heat transfer in Earth's ionosphere. 2008 Found building blocks of amino acids (methenamine and hydrogen cyanide) in a galaxy 250 million years away. 2016 Discovered the first known repeating fast radio burst. 2017 Discovered at least two pulsars that appeared and vanished periodically, contradicting previous research suggesting they persisted.

A timeline of key discoveries made by the iconic Arecibo observatory.  (Image credit: Future)
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Arecibo message

The Arecibo broadcast a message into space in 1974 to M13, a group of stars. It will take some time for the message to reach M13.

SETI says the broadcast is the same as a 20-trillion watt omnidirectional broadcast. The broadcast would be visible to any receiver in the universe that is about the same size as the Arecibo antenna.

array of asteroid images in two rows

These 14 radar images show the near-Earth asteroid Didymos (65803) and its moonlet as seen by the Arecibo Observatory radio telescope in Puerto Rico in November 2003.  (Image credit: NASA)
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The audio tone was broadcast over the speakers at the ceremony. Many of the audience got up and walked out of the tent when the tone began, according to a 1999 Cornell University press release.

SETI trumpeted the message as a step in the right direction to help understand the challenges of communicating with aliens. "Although it's unlikely that this short inquiry will ever prompt a reply, the experiment was useful in getting us to think a bit about the difficulties of communicating across space, time, and a presumably wide culture gap," SETI stated on its website.

portrait view of frank drake in a suit

Frank Drake, an astronomer famous for his work at Arecibo. (Image credit: wikipedia, CC BY-SA)
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Tracking asteroids, exoplanets

Arecibo was often used to find asteroids. Those that could pose a danger to the planet were the focus of the observatory. Scientists keep searching for threats even though there are no immediate ones.

The observatory watched the arrival of asteroid 2012 DA14, which passed close to Earth. The asteroid passed by at a safe distance.

The University of Puerto Rico's Planetary Habitability Laboratory was located at Arecibo. The number of alien worlds in other solar systems that are not too hot or cold for life is tracked by the group.

satellite view of hurricane against blue ocean

Hurricane Maria moves across the Caribbean Sea as a Category 5 storm. (Image credit: NASA/NOAA GOES)
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Hurricane Maria: Beginning of the end

The Arecibo Observatory was damaged by Hurricane Maria in September of last year. Hundreds of people were killed when the Category 4 storm hit. The observatory's power was restored on December 9th.

The line feed antenna, which was suspended above the radio dish, was the most damaged. During the storm, it broke off and pierced the dish below. In February of last year, a federal spending bill was passed to help Puerto Rico.

According to the University of Central Florida, emergency repairs that needed immediate attention, such as patching roofs and repairing electrical feeds, have been underway since May. As soon as possible, additional repairs will be completed.

damaged telescope with pieces of debris in the bowl below

An image of the Arecibo Observatory's iconic radio telescope as seen between two serious cable failures that preceded the facility's collapse. (Image credit: University of Central Florida)
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Decommission and collapse

A 100 foot gash was left in the Arecibo Observatory radio telescope's science platform after one of the massive cables failed. The platform and towers were too unstable to be repaired after another cable snapped.

The observatory was declared a loss on November 19th, 2020. The end of the structure was mourned by researchers. Emily Alicea-Muoz is a Puerto Rican scientist. She said that they can do big science even though they are a small island in the middle of the Caribbean.

The recent lack of funding for scientific infrastructure led to the loss of the observatory, according to experts. In February of 2022, a new inquiry was launched to find out what caused the fall. Scientists were hopeful that a new observatory would be built, but the funding wasn't available to make that happen, so they decided to put an educational institution on the site.

The astronomer at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, who used the telescope in his research and teaching, was worried that it could be worse than this. My hope was higher.

arecibo telescope aerial view showing equipment suspended via cable. damage is visible below

This aerial view shows a hole in the dish panels of the Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, on Nov. 19, 2020. (Image credit: RICARDO ARDUENGO/AFP via Getty Images)
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Arecibo legacy

The data will always be accessible through an archive and will allow scientists to make discoveries indefinitely. The telescope has collected 57 years of data on objects around the solar system and universe.

Around the globe, the impact of the Arecibo's loss was felt. Since the observatory became symbolic, almost sacred, to those touched by it, it's not just by researchers. Frank's work with Project Ozma was one of the things Drake's family had been involved with.

In a presentation at the 52nd LPSC, it was stated that Arecibo was an "indelible mark on planetary science, radio astronomy, and space and atmospheric sciences."

An image of Arecibo Observatory's iconic radio telescope before damage that began in August 2020; the curved azimuth arm and the dome suspended from it are both visible.

An image of Arecibo Observatory's iconic radio telescope before damage that began in August 2020; the curved azimuth arm and the dome suspended from it are both visible. (Image credit: University of Central Florida)
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Additional resources

The video explains why the Arecibo Telescope collapsed. The Cornell University guide contains oral histories, written accounts and newspaper articles.

References

The Arecibo Observatory can be found at www.naic.edu/ao/landing.

The Cornell Chronicle is published by Cornell University. The year was 1999 25 years ago, Earth's first attempt to phone E.T took place.

Drake is the name of the person. The new year begins on January 11. The loss of an important radio telescope is a personal matter. The article "Why the loss of an iconic-radio-telescope is Painfully Personal" was published by National Geographic.

Gonzalez Kotala is a person. There was a report on August 14th. The observatory will get a $5.8 million upgrade. The University of Central Florida has a news story about the Arecibo Observatory getting an upgrade.

There is a national science foundation. "Arecibo: Facts and Figures" can be found at www.nsf.gov

There is a national science foundation. There will be a period of 22 years. "Arecibo Observatory: Media Resources" can be found at www.nsf.gov

The SETI institute is a research institute. There will be a new year in2022. The arecibo message is open in a new tab.

The SETI institute is a research institute. There will be a new year in2022. "Project Ozma" is at www.seti.org

Taylor and Rivera-Valentin are related. The Legacy of Arecibo Observatory is the topic of the 52nd lunar and planetary science conference.