Climate montage

At the UN climate summit in Glasgow in November of last year, leaders agreed on next steps to tackle climate change.

Climate experts have told the British Broadcasting Corporation that there has been slow progress in the year 2022, with governments distracted by energy and financial crises.

The UN warned last week that the world is on the verge of disaster. There are new US legislation and a change of government in Brazil that could reverse the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.

When leaders leave for Egypt next week, we want to know who is leading and who is dragging their feet.

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The US made a huge leap forward this year when it passed new laws.

Greenhouse gas emissions in the US could be reduced by 40% by the year 2030.

The largest investment in climate solutions in US history has been made. The director of the World Resources Institute said it was a huge sign of progress.

The goal of the bill is to make green energy the default in certain sectors. There is a tax credit for people who buy electric cars.

It's not all great news. China stopped co-operation with the US on climate after a senior US politician visited Taiwan.

In response to the energy crisis, President Joe Biden released 15 million barrels of oil from reserves and approved new oil and gas drilling.

Joe Biden announces the release of 15 million barrels of oil from the US strategic reserve, Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm stands in the background, October 2022.Image source, Getty Images

The US doesn't give its fair share of finance to developing countries that suffer the most from climate change.

The UK secured major global pledges and showed itself to be a leader in the fight against climate change.

The UK is going to be weak with disappointing leadership according to the Director of Policy at Imperial College London.

The UK has been compromised by the Prime Minister's decision to change his mind about going to Egypt.

Political leadership from the top is one of the things that makes COP unique. In a year when we are the presidents of COP, it is worse for the prime minister to dithering.

Rishi SunakImage source, Getty Images

The Climate Action Tracker of plans submitted to the UN shows that the UK has not increased its ambition to tackle its role in climate change. Part of the landmark Paris Agreement was that countries would increase ambition to tackle climate change.

The UK back-tracked on commitments to end new oil and gas drilling in the North Sea after the global energy crisis.

According to Robert Falkner, professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics, these changes may not change the UK's energy balance.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the impact on energy supplies to Europe have undermined the European Union's efforts to tackle climate change.

"Leaders extended the lifeline of coal-fired power plants and we estimate that European emissions actually increased by 2% in the first six months of this year."

Climate Action Tracker now rates EU's climate targets, policies, and finance as insufficient, and the EU has not updated the UN with new NDC plans.

The EU could take this opportunity to make itself energy secure by investing in renewable energy according to Prof. Falkner.

The REPowerEU plan wants to increase the EU's share of renewable energy to 45% by the year 2030.

India has published updated climate targets.

Kamya Choudhary is a lecturer at the London School of Economics.

Emission intensity will be reduced by 45% by the year 2030. It wants half of the energy to be renewable.

The Centre for Public Policy and UN climate advisor said that India's plan to re- open 100 coal power plants is a huge barrier to those ambitions.

Two workers help a colleague load a coal basket on to his head to carry to a loading truckImage source, Gautum Dey/AFP
Image caption, Workers prepare to load coal at the Jharia coalfield in Dhanbad in India's Jharkhand State

As has been seen in other countries, this is a short-term measure to address the energy crisis.

India's pledges are not very ambitious according to Climate Action tracker.

The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is one of the keys to fighting climate change.

The future of the Amazon could change overnight as a result of last week's election. Brazil is ready to take back its leadership in the fight against the climate crisis, according to the president.

There was an increase in depredation in the year. The executive director at Instituto Arapyau believes that the reason for this is because of the president.

Brazil's targets have been criticized for being less ambitious than promised.

A recently deforested plot of the Amazon rainforest in Manaus, Amazonas StateImage source, Reuters
Image caption, A recently deforested plot of the Amazon rainforest in Manaus, Amazonas State

In the past, Brazil has used hydropower to provide a lot of green energy. It invested in oil and gas in order to increase its use of oil.

The International Energy Agency believes that solar will compensate for the loss of hydropower.

The face of politics in Australia has changed. A decade of backsliding has ended with the election of a new Prime Minister.

A big leap forward from its previous target of 26% is what the country has promised to the UN.

Bill Hare says it only seems like progress because of how far behind Australia it was.

New prime minister Anthony Albanese cuddles a panda at a press shootImage source, Reuters
Image caption, New Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has committed to reversing biodiversity loss in Australia by 2030

He said there hasn't been much change in policy or the use of fossil fuels.

While Australia's states have led the way in increasing renewable energy, the country is still in the top five producers of coal in the world.

Almost half of the forests in eastern Australia have been destroyed, and Australia is the only developed country that is a "hot spot" for tree loss.

China is involved in global climate action. It is not responsible for historical greenhouse gas emissions that have caused climate change so far.

Neil Hurst is a senior policy fellow at the Grantham Institute and he says that it is now a "terrific polluter". Half of the world's coal is burned by it.

China is the largest investor in renewable energy. Electric cars make up 25% of new cars in China. "They're making big efforts and setting demanding targets, including peaking its carbon emissions by the year 2030."

It wants to address carbon emissions by planting trees. The president pledged to plant 70 billion trees by the end of the century.

Data journalism team has additional reporting.

  • COP26
  • Climate change
  • Environment
  • Renewable energy