Cancer has been a part of the story since time immemorial. A recent review shows that something has changed.
Around the world, the number of people under the age of 50 developing cancer has gone up.
Improvements in screening alone don't seem to be enough to explain the increase in early-onset cancer.
One of the researchers said that the risk is increasing with each generation.
People who were born in 1960 have a higher risk of cancer than people who were born in 1950.
Cancers are on the increase in modern society.
There has been an increase in people getting cancer after the age of 50.
The team wanted to know if the rate of cancer in people under 50 was increasing as well.
They needed to look at people who were born in the 1950s and 1960s and then look at their cancer rates from the 1990s onward.
The review looked at data from 14 different types of cancer.
According to global cancer data, there was a rise in the number of people under the age of 50 who had been diagnosed with cancer.
The researchers looked at any studies that could shed light on the risk factors for these cancer.
They looked for any unique clinical and biological characteristics of tumors of early-onset cancers compared to those of late-onset cancers.
The goal was to find out if early-onset cancer is an emerging global epidemic.
The answer is yes according to their findings. This seems to have been the case since the 1990's.
In those born in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the incidence of later-onsetCRC started to increase in the 1950s, whereas in those born in the mid-20th century, it did not start to increase until the early 1990s.
Those turning 50 after the 1990's are more at risk of cancer.
Increased screening has contributed to the increased detection of early-onset cancer.
The team notes that this doesn't seem to be enough to explain the change, as some early-onset cancers are on the rise even in countries that don't have screening programs.
The team writes that there has been an increase in the incidence of several cancer types.
The evidence shows that there was a shift in cancer rates when children were younger.
It's no secret that our lives have changed a lot since then, especially since the rise of highly processed foods, and the clues suggest that some combination of diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome are involved.
Eight of the 14 cancer types studied were related to the digestive system.
The organisms in our gut are fed by food. Changes in diet can affect the composition of the gut.
Sugary beverages, type 2 diabetes, Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all increased since the 1950's.
While adult sleep duration hasn't changed much over the past few decades, children are getting less sleep than they used to.
This study isn't conclusive. There is a review of studies. The team was unable to make any changes and measure the impacts.
They didn't have a lot of data from low- and middle-income countries, but they think that the rise of early-onset cancers is likely to be more prominent in those countries.
Longitudinal cohort studies will involve young children being followed up over several decades and the team hopes to be able to set up these studies in the future.
It's difficult to know what a person with cancer did decades ago or when they were a child.
We want to educate people to lead healthier lifestyles in their early years to reduce the risk of cancer.
There is still a lot of work to be done to understand how we got here.
The research was published in a journal.