Climate and Science is covered by the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Growing pomegranateImage source, Oliver Dixon/RHS
Image caption, Pomegranate fruit at Royal Horticulture Society garden at Wisely, Surrey

The UK has seen record-breaking hot and dry weather this summer which has resulted in the growth of exotic plants.

Mediterranean and sub-tropical plants are thriving in recent years.

Traditional British garden varieties are not growing well outside.

Plants may be threatened by lack of water in the future.

Some more exotic plants will benefit from the warmer, drier summers predicted by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Scientists link human-caused climate change to the warming of our planet since the industrial revolution. According to the Met Office, the UK is warmer than the global average.

Winding path through tropical plants leading to an ornate glass greenhouseImage source, Neil Hepworth
Image caption, Sub-Tropicana at RHS Garden Harlow Carr in Harrogate

Harlow Carr in Harrogate has had a sub-tropical garden for the last three years.

Russell Watkins has worked at the Royal Horticulture Society for 17 years. He grew plants that lived for a long time in the UK.

He pointed to the huge tropical-looking foliage of the rice paper plant and said that a few years ago it wouldn't have lasted.

Rice paper plant with large fronds in the rainImage source, Richard Bloom/RHS
Image caption, Rice paper plant Tetrapanax papyrifer 'Rex'

He says that hardy bananas, various dahlias, and some ginger are thriving in the long spells of sunny weather that we have had this year.

Mark McCarthy, head of the Met Office National Climate Information Centre, said that higher temperatures are being felt further north than before.

figs laid out in the sun to ripenImage source, Chris Bowen, Go Tropical UK
Image caption, Figs grown in East Anglia

Chris has successfully grown figs and watermelons as a hobby. He's proud of his crop of Chinese dates, persimmons, and yuzu.

Climate change makes it easier to grow non-native varieties.

He tries to grow plants that don't need as much water because of the dry climate in East Anglia.

Watermelon cut in half and quartersImage source, Chris Bower, Go Tropical UK
Image caption, Watermelons grown in East Anglia

The growth of exotic fruits is boosted by the heat island effect where a city experiences much warmer temperatures than nearby rural areas.

James Wong is a botanist at the garden.

He thinks that some of the seeds are from discarded seeds that have sprouted.

During the "beast from the east" storm in 2018, the big London avocados took a low of -10)C.

Avocadoes in treeImage source, James Wong
Image caption, Avocado tree in full fruit on a West London council estate

diaspora communities have been trying to grow sub-tropical and exotic fruit and vegetables for a long time

Sweet potatoes, exotic squashes, and tomatillos can be found on a site in Haringey.

The co- founder of the group says warmer summers have boosted the growth of these vegetables.

Crops will be negatively impacted by a continuation of hot dry summers as all plants need water to grow and establish.

Chris Atkinson, a plant scientist from the Natural Resources Institute says that long summers may be welcomed in the UK and provide an exciting opportunity to grow exotic food crops.

Water shortages pose a problem to grow any plant.