Particle physicists have been able to calculate scattering amplitudes at higher levels of precision thanks to the inscrutable rules. The restructuring allowed for the discovery of the hidden connection between the two scatterings.
The map of Antipodes.
There is a map at the center of the duality. An antipode map takes a point on a sphere and flips the coordinates to send you to another point on the other side. It's the equivalent of digging a hole in a country.
The antipode map is a bit more abstract. The order of the letters is changed. After a simple change of variables, this antipode map can be used to apply to all the terms in the scattering amplitude for two gluons becoming four.
The duality is similar to reading a genetic sequence backwards and realizing that it is different from the original sequence.
The antipode map was thought to be useless. Matt von Hippel was not involved in the research but said it didn't seem to have any significance. There is a completely inexplicable dichotomy using it.
It's not quite our world.
Two big questions are being asked. There is a question about why the duality exists. Will there be a connection in the real world?
The 17 elementary particles that make up our world abide by a set of equations. The massless particles that glue together atomic nuclei can interact with each other to double their own number. To create one gluon and one Higgs particle, the gluons must first transform into a quark and an antiquark and then into a Higgs.
One of the scattering processes has a different sector of the Standard Model than the other.
The simplified model of particle physics that the group of people were studying surprised them. More precise calculations of scattering amplitudes can be made with their toy model. A scattering process involving these gluons and one that requires an external interaction with particles is linked by the duality.
He thinks he has a clue about where the two things come from.
Volovich and her colleagues came up with rules that dictate which combinations of words are allowed. The two-gluon-to-gluon-plus- Higgs amplitude seems to be restricted by some of the rules. If you map those rules over to the other side of the duality, you'll get a set of rules that guarantee causality.
There is a reason to think that something similar could hold in the Standard Model. He said it was weak. It is similar to second hand information.
There are many dualities between physical phenomena. Thousands of research papers have been written since the discovery of the AdS-CFT correspondence. This is only possible for a warped world with a different geometry than the universe. For many physicists, the fact that multiple dualities almost hold in our world suggests that they could be scratching the surface of an all-encompassing theoretical structure. They're all part of the story.
The original story was originally published in the journal of the Simons Foundation, an editorially independent publication that covers research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.
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