Russia's most modern tank is the T-90.

Despite the tank's troubled performance in Ukraine, the development and modernization of the T-90 has been a significant part of this.

The T-90 is a question.

Russian servicemen drive T-90 tanks during a rehearsal for the Victory Day parade in Red Square in central Moscow, Russia, May 7, 2015. Russia will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany in World War Two on May 9. REUTERS/Grigory Dukor
Russian troops drive T-90 tanks during a rehearsal for the Victory Day parade on May 7, 2015.
Thomson Reuters

One of Russia's most advanced tanks is the T-90. The T-90 has a firing range of 5 kilometers in its basic form and is also equipped with KORD 12.7mm and 7.62mm machine guns.

The basic version of the T-90 is powered by a 1000mm 12- cylinder engine and can reach speeds of 60 kilometers per hour on roads and 50 offroad.

The 9M119 Refleks anti-tank guided-missile system can be fired by the T-90.

The T-90's hull and turret are protected by a combination of multi-layer steel armor as well as a combination of explosives on the hull and turret.

The T-90 is being developed and modernized.

A Russian T-90M Tank sits on a platform.
A Russian tank T-90M on the platform of a museum train in St. Petersburg on April 28, 2021.
AP Photo/Dmitri Lovetsky

The T-90 project began as a modernization of the T-72 in the 1980's. The project became an independent endeavor and limited serial production began in 1992.

As a result of bad press accrued by the T-72 and T-80BV in the first Gulf War and first Chechen War, Russia's arms industry felt pressured to heavily market the T-90 to export audiences.

Russian military leaders initially ordered 200 examples of the tank under the designation T-90A after licensing a "knocked-down" version of the tank for production in India. Vladimir Ivanovich Potkin, the main designer of the T-90A, passed away.

The T-90M is a new version of the T-90 that Moscow hopes to upgrade its fleet into. An improved version of the main gun which increases the range and accuracy of the T-90M is one of the main upgrades over the T-90 A.

The exact number of T-90s in Russian service is difficult to say for certain.

Despite Russia's stated plans to use its T-90M fleet, there are no additional examples of the modernized tank that Russia possesses.

There was a performance by the T-90.

Russia T-90M tank in Ukraine
A Russian T-90M destroyed by Ukrainian forces near a village in Ukraine's Kharkiv region, May 9, 2022.
REUTERS/Vitalii Hnidyi

Russian T-90s have run into serious issues in Ukraine despite the fact that they are the best in the world. Russia has lost 20 "Vladimirs" in Ukraine, as well as two T-90Ms.

Russia seems to have suffered its first T-90M loss after the tanks appeared in Ukraine.

The discovery of French optronic technology in a T-90 captured by Ukrainian forces raises questions about the durability of the supply chains which Russian media sources have pointed to as proof of the resilience of Russia's arms industry.

Although the T-90 has not lived up to its hype in Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the arrival of the T-14 Armata will likely mean that Russia will have to maintain its fleet of T-90s for the foreseeable future.

The Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress has a research fellow namedWesley Culp. He has written about Russian and Eurasian leadership and national security in a number of places. He can be found on the social networking site.