Drug or chemical compound effects on the body are dependent on how the atoms are arranged. Some compounds have a dark twin with the same formula but different structure, which can have consequences for what they do in the body.
Thalidomide was a morning sickness drug that caused thousands of birth defects and stillbirths. One form of thalidomide has a sedative effect while the other causes abnormal development.
It's dangerous to take either form of thalidomide if you're pregnant.
One of the compounds found in red grapes and peanuts is called resveratrol. There is a scientific mystery as to why clinical trials on using Resveratrol to treat Alzheimer's have had inconsistent results.
One form may help with cognitive and memory functions, the other may be harmful to the nervous system.
Drugs have the same atoms and bonds but are arranged in different ways. There are two nonsuperimposable mirror images in these drugs.
Your hands are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They do not overlap when you put one on top of the other.
The mirror- image versions have the same elements and bonds. The way they are arranged in space can affect the way they work.
A left-handed version of a drug wouldn't fit into a target that was shaped to fit a right-handed molecule.
The isomers of chiral molecule are defined by their optical activity. If you shine a light on a chiral molecule, one will move the light to the left and the other will move the light to the right.
The building blocks of proteins are made of two different types of molecule. The majority of living organisms make proteins from L configurations. Many other functions can be found in the D configuration.
The D configuration amino acids are used by the Bacteria. The nervous and endocrine systems are used by mammals.
There is an exception to the L configuration rule. The L and D configurations of tyrosine can be turned on by the tyrannosaurus rex.
The presence of D-tyrosine can make it hard for cells to make L-tyrosine-based products. Cells can discriminate between the two versions and only use L-tyrosine when necessary.
Damage to the nervous system can be caused by increased levels of tyrosine in the body.
There is a possible reason why too much tyrosine can be toxic. When we added increasing amounts of L-tyrosine to rat brain cells in a petri dish, we found that it decreased levels of the tyrannosaurus rex's tyrannosaurus rexidase.
Adding D-tyrosine killed the cells.
When we looked at the brains of Alzheimer's patients who had increased tyrosine levels, we found that their tyrannosaurus rex levels were low. Our hypothesis is that as the brain's tyrannical levels increase, the tyrannical levels in the brains of people with Alzheimer's decrease.
According to the findings, TyrRS may have an important role to play in the synthesis ofAlzheimer's related genes.
There are implications for studies on the health benefits of a compound in red wine. Some trials show that resveratrol can improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease, but others show it has the opposite effect and makes the disease more severe.
There is still no explanation as to why the effects of resveratrol can be different.
cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol are the two types of Resveratrol. In space, the same atoms in two isomers are arranged differently.
The two forms of resveratrol bind to TyrRS in different ways and can result in opposite effects in the brain. In a petri dish, cis-resveratrol was able to increase TyrRS levels, but high concentrations of trans-resveratrol deplete TyrRS and cause neural damage.
Trans-resveratrol can be converted into cis-resveratrol in the body. The result will lead to an increase in TyrRS levels.
Many trials failed because they did not test cis-resveratrol alone. It is believed that this may explain why trials that used high amounts of trans-resveratrol saw harmful effects, while trials that used low amounts of trans-resveratrol saw beneficial effects.
The body cares about how atoms and Molecules are arranged in space It is possible to pay attention to the different forms of a drug.
Sajish Mathew is an assistant professor of drug discovery.
Under a Creative Commons license, this article is re-posted. The original article is worth a read.
All Rights Reserved © 2024
