In his Boston neighborhood, Zeke is known as a fearless prowler because he takes down rats.

A neighbor called the owner of the dog and sounded panicked.

The neighbor said that Zeke was in the back and was antagonizing the animal.

"'What do I do'

The legend of Zeke was solidified when the neighbor scared off the two creatures with a broom. It reminded me that cats are descendants of the Near Eastern wildcat.

Well-fed cats, sometimes with collar on, stalking the streets like they own them, collapsing on a warm sidewalk to loll in the sun, have been seen out there.

The cat lovers like them. Furry killers are blamed for a decline in the bird population and the deaths of many small animals.

Where you are in the world can affect how you feel about cats outdoors. About 81 percent of domestic cats in the US are kept inside, according to a study. It can be more common to allow them to wander. According to the study, only 17 percent of Danes own cats that are indoors. A documentary was made about the phenomenon of cats walking in and out of cafes and restaurants in Turkey. They've been called an "Invasive alien species" in Poland.

ImageIn Istanbul, feral cats like this one walk in and out of restaurants and cafes with impunity.
In Istanbul, feral cats like this one walk in and out of restaurants and cafes with impunity.Credit...Ozan Kose/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
Larry the Cat, Britain’s chief mouser to the cabinet office, at the prime minister’s residence at 10 Downing Street in London in June.Credit...Frank Augstein/Associated Press

In Britain, 74 percent of cat owners allow their cats to roam outside, and many cat charities advise pet owners on the best ways to keep cats safe outdoors. Americans often refuse to adopt cats to people who want to keep their pets outside.

Cats Protection in Britain encourages owners to bring their cats in at night and feed them high quality food to deter predatory behavior.

She said that she was in the camp of giving cats space to breathe and be outside.

Cats should be able to have a lot of freedom.

Most cats stayed inside during the 20th century, according to David Grimm, a deputy news editor at Science.

The invention of cat litter made cats more acceptable indoors.

Cats were considered the less domesticated animal. People don't want to clean a litter box.

The Illinois General Assembly passed a bill in 1949 that would have fined people who left their cats outside. The bill was vetoed by the governor.

He said in a letter that cats do a lot of roaming. The State of Illinois and its local governing bodies already have enough to do.

It was not until around the 1980s and early ’90s that Americans began to bring their cats indoors, as veterinarians warned that outdoor cats were more prone to diseases, parasites and infections, and could be vulnerable to attacks from larger predators.

People who want to keep cats indoors often cite the potentially deadly impact on local wildlife if cats are allowed to roam freely.Credit...Jessica Kourkounis for The New York Times

Mr. Grimm has trained his own cats to walk on leashes when they are outside.

He said keeping them inside felt wrong. I wouldn't let my kids stay inside all the time. We can't take a lot of animals out of them.

Ms. Brennan tried to keep her dog inside. His daughter locked herself in her room because he pounced so much on her mother.

Ms Brennan said that having an outdoor cat made her uneasy.

Tricia Brennan, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., tried to keep her cat Zeke indoors. But he was too wild, and she reluctantly let him roam.Credit...Vanessa Leroy for The New York Times

The story of a cat that traveled with her owner to New Zealand in 1894 is told by wildlife specialists.

There was a small, flightless bird on the island.

She single-handedly hunted the birds to extinction after arriving.

Cats have decimated native creatures in areas where they have been introduced.

Luscier is an associate professor of biology at LeMoyne College in Syracuse, N.Y., and he believes that the cat is a devastating species.

Professor Luscier, who is fond of cats, said it is colonies of cats that are the bigger threat to birds and other wildlife than cats that come in at night and are fed.

A man walks his cat on a leash outside a cafe in Bangkok.Credit...Jack Taylor/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The commercial use of pesticides that kill insects is one of the bigger threats facing birds.

Ms.Trevorrow feels that cats are being used as a scapegoat.

Climate change, pollution and agricultural management are some of the causes of the decline in bird populations according to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

According to Anna Feeney, a spokeswoman for the organization, there is evidence that cats kill up to 27 million birds a year in Britain.

She said that cats aren't likely to have a big impact on populations.

Ms.Trevorrow has written guides for cat owners who want to keep their pets outside and have a garden that will attract birds and other animals.

It is possible to have both without carnage.

Dr. José Arce said that the best way to keep your cat safe is to put it on a leash, keep it in a fenced area, or build a catio that will allow it to play outside.

Some cats don't enjoy the great outdoors.

Sylvia Goshe, 9, and her brother, Wesley, 4, try to entice Catson to join them on the deck at their home in Moreland Hills, Ohio. Two of the family’s three cats go outside.
Puff, 2, heads back inside after spending some time on the family’s deck. His sister Luna, also 2, is usually too skittish to leave the house.
Catson, to his dismay, is removed from a hunt by his owner Jeff Goshe. The Goshes try to prevent their cats from killing the small wildlife that inhabit the area.
Catson peers through the railing of the Goshe family's rear deck.Credit...Photographs by Dustin Franz for The New York Times

According to Kelly Goshe, two of her family's cats are prowlers. Their backyard and deck in suburban Cleveland are under the watch of their children, Sylvia, 9; Corinna, 7; andWesley, four.

She stated that the cats gave them little choice. Catson will do anything to get out.

She said that Puff knows how to open the door with her paws.

Luna is scared to go outside.

She was allowed to stand by the screen door. She will run away when she sees it.

Beachy was involved in research.