The warning was issued about the market in March. The digital coin Luna was a scam. He said that the Celsius Network was a blow up risk.

He became a fixture on news shows where he cast the industry as a bunch of hucksters and hypocrites. He said last month that it was a scam.

Mr. Klippsten is different from most of his peers in one important respect.

Mr. Klippsten is known as a Bitcoin maximalist, or "maxi", a hard-core evangelizer who believes that the financial system will be transformed by the use of the digital currency. The maxis are just a subset of the industry, but they have influential people in their ranks.

The price of the digital currency fell to an 18-month low in June. They say thatBitcoin is on sale. As the market has melted, they have embarked on a public-relations offensive, trying to convince investors and lawmakers that Bitcoin is different from other digital currencies.

Mr. Klippsten said that the only future for non-Bitcoin would be to be co-opted by banks and governments. It's outside of the system, that's what it is.

The debate has turned into a fight for the future of the industry. The crash shows how similar the industry is to the best of the traditional finance system. New regulatory scrutiny and mounting consumer distrust pose an "existential threat" to the industry, according to the maxis.

There is an opportunity to make money from the downturn. Mr. Klippsten trumpeted a promotion giving his former customers a membership to his financial services firm.

Since the invention of the digital currency in 2008, advocates have been trying to get people to adopt it. The backers of the virtual currency wanted to create a form of virtual money that could be exchanged without a bank or another middleman. Since no centralized authority would be able to print more of it, it was supposed to be a hedge against inflation.

Those features have been missing from many subsequent Cryptocurrencies. The centralized structure of traditional finance can be mimicked by a group of founders who exert control over distribution.

The money is digital. Jimmy Song stated that everything else is centralized. There is a difference between self-sovereign money and gambling vehicles.

The idea of a universally accepted alternate currency is far from reality. It is no different from the shares of companies traded on the tech-laden Nasdaq index when it comes to the price of the digital currency.

ImageA Bitcoin conference in Miami Beach in April. Bitcoin is the best-known cryptocurrency.
A Bitcoin conference in Miami Beach in April. Bitcoin is the best-known cryptocurrency.Credit...Marco Bello/Getty Images
A Bitcoin conference in Miami Beach in April. Bitcoin is the best-known cryptocurrency.

Most people don't use Bitcoins to conduct transactions. Last year, El Salvadoran introduced a new currency, but it was a flop. As much as 65 mega tons of carbon dioxide per year, equivalent to the annual emissions of Greece, may be produced by the process of mining for Bitcoins.

John Reed Stark is a former Securities and Exchange Commission official. There isn't an inherent value.

The maxis have taken advantage of the downturn to make the case that there is only one worth taking seriously in the world of cryptocurrencies. According to a recent headline in the magazine, the case of the digital currency has never been more compelling.

"If you call out someone's risks they're taking, and they're otherwise healthy, you can be accused of creating a run on the bank or being a troll." It's difficult to explain this before the crash. It has happened now.

Mr. Saylor said in 2020 that MicroStrategy would begin to accumulate Bitcoins because they had more long-term potential than cash. According to S.E.C. filings, the company had 129,699 Bitcoins at the end of June. It is now worth $1 billion less than MicroStrategy spent on it.

At the peak of the crash, MicroStrategy spent $10 million on 480 Bitcoins. MicroStrategy had made more than a year's worth of purchases. Mr. Saylor said that the size of the purchase was not an indication that he was not confident in the currency; it was the most the company could afford.

He wished we could buy more. It's frustrating

Mr. Saylor and others have complained about the lack of representation of the digital currency in Washington.

Virtual currencies built on an alternate verification system are funded by companies that offer them. In April, Chris Larsen, a billionaire who co-founded the digital currency company, announced that he was contributing $5 million to a marketing campaign calling on the network to abandon its energy-guzzling mining infrastructure.

Supporters of the digital currency are building their own political organization. The Bitcoin Policy Institute is a think tank that supports a pro-Bitcoin agenda. The institute has argued that there is no need to worry about the energy consumption of the digital currency.

He said that there are a set of properties that make it unique. It is useful to draw that distinction if you are going to have a serious policy discussion.

Mr. Klippsten met someone five years ago. He doesn't like the term "maximalist" and prefers to refer to himself as a miner. Mr. Klippsten was a consultant at McKinsey when a wave of new coins were created. He loaded up on newer, experimental token after buying somebitcoin

He said that he was distracted by everything else.

He was persuaded by Mr. Song's pitch at the conference. Mr. Klippsten believed that many newer currencies were just like the stocks people trade rather than the money used in those transactions. Regulators have declared the digital currency a commodity.

ImageMr. Klippsten’s business caters to hard-core Bitcoin believers.
Mr. Klippsten’s business caters to hard-core Bitcoin believers.Credit...Megan Miller for The New York Times
Mr. Klippsten’s business caters to hard-core Bitcoin believers.

Mr. Klippsten started Swan Bitcoin, which works with wealthy families, businesses and retail traders to set upBitcoin investment plans. He said that the firm charges a 1 percent fee to execute transactions in the virtual currency.

In the month after the market crash, Swan customers spent twice as much on Bitcoins as they did in the month before it. Multiple customers made $5 million in purchases of the virtual currency in June, as the market fell.

Mr. Klippsten uses a process known as dollar cost averaging to invest a portion of his savings in digital currency. Throughout the downturn, he has kept buying at the same rate.

If he got a windfall, he would argue with his wife to put the majority of it into the virtual currency.