Are Bitcoin-Mining Plants Helping or Hurting Texas' Power Grid?

"Record-breaking heat across Texas has pushed its fragile power grid to the brink," reports NBC News. "But extreme temperatures are doing something else in the famously pro-business state: stirring opposition to energy-guzzling crypto miners who've flocked there seeking low-cost energy and a deregulatory stance." Ten industrial-scale crypto miners will consume an estimated 18 gigawatts in years to come — though the state's current capacity is around 80 gigawatts (though it's expected to grow).

The case against them? The energy crypto miners use puts "an almost unprecedented burden" on the Texas grid, according to Ben Hertz-Shargel, global head of Grid Edge, a unit of Wood Mackenzie, an energy consulting firm. Mining "pushes the system closer to dangerous system peaks at all times," he told NBC News. "It is completely inessential and consuming physical resources, time and money that should be going to decarbonize and strengthen the grid...." Unlike other electricity systems, the Texas grid does not connect to other states' grids; that means it cannot receive power from other areas in emergencies. Because of their high demand for electricity, crypto miners raise costs for other consumers of power, Hertz-Shargel said. And, on the Texas grid, miners can get paid for powering down during peak demand periods, like the one that recently hit the state. Miners and other industrial customers with these types of arrangements receive revenues for not using electricity; the costs of those revenues are passed on to other electricity customers.... During peak periods, miners can also resell to the grid the electricity they would otherwise have used. Because their contracts can let them buy power at low cost, energy resales when demand is high can generate significant financial benefits in the form of credits against future use....

Electricity customers across the state will cover those credits, said Andrew Dessler, professor of atmospheric sciences at Texas A&M University. "Ratepayers in Texas are going to be paying it off a little bit every month for decades," Dessler said. "It angers me so much."

But Lee Bratcher, founder of the Texas Blockchain Council, makes the case for industrial-scale bitcoin mines: Bratcher and the crypto miners he represents say they provide three benefits to Texas. Because they can turn off their electricity use during high-demand periods, they can help stabilize the grid and rein in runaway power prices. "Power pricing is set off at peaks and the miners are specifically trying to turn off during peaks," he said. In addition, crypto miners' 24/7 demand for electricity can provide an incentive for wind and solar developers to bring more green power to the grid while new jobs and tax revenues "lead to orders of magnitude of human flourishing in communities where the mines set up," Bratcher said.
Still, 800 locals have signed a petition against plans to built America's largest bitcoin-mining facility — a facility which will consume 1.4 million gallons of water a day and 1 gigawatt of electricity (enough to power 200,000 homes). Jackie Sawicky, a small-business owner, is organizing the opposition to the Riot facility. "There are over 7,000 people in poverty and 8,000 seniors living on fixed incomes here," she told NBC News. "We cannot afford increased water costs and electricity."

According to a 2020 economic impact report commissioned by the Rockdale Municipal Development District, an entity run by area business people, the facility will deliver an estimated $28.6 million in economic benefits to the community over the next decade. Nearly 200 full-time benefited employees are employed by the operation.