Russia's Foreign Ministry lashed out at the United States, saying it shows disrespect for Russian law.
Since her arrest at the Moscow airport in February, she has been in jail. She admitted in court that she had the canisters, but said she had no intent to break the law.
If convicted, she could face up to 10 years in prison. The trial is due to resume Tuesday.
The government's chief hostage negotiator was put in charge of her case after the State Department designated her as wrongly imprisoned.
Maria Zakharova said that the legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational use in the U.S. has no bearing on what happens in Russia.
If a U.S. citizen was taken in connection with the fact that she was a drugs smuggler, and she does not deny this, then this should be compared to our Russian, local laws, and not with those adopted in San Francisco, New York and Washington.
She said that if drugs are legalized in the United States in a number of states, the whole country will become drug-addicted.
Russian media have persistently speculated that a Russian arms trader named Viktor Bout, who is imprisoned in the United States, could be exchanged for a US spy named Paul Whelan.
The prospects for such a trade have not been commented on. The Russian officials said no exchange could take place until the legal proceedings were over. It's not clear how long the trial will last, but a court has given the green light to keep him in jail until December 20.