Artist's depiction of an exoplanet.(Image credit: NASA)
The next round of space missions by the Chinese Academy of Sciences are projected to launch between 2026 and 2030.
It is expected that between five and seven missions will be chosen for launch.
The new missions are part of the third Strategic Priority Program (SPP III), also known as the New Horizons Program. Each of the 13 candidates was described in a paper in the Chinese Journal of Space Science.
China is on the hunt for a space telescope.
astrophysics and astronomy research will be conducted on three of the proposed missions.
The Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry, or eXTP mission, aims to "study the state of matter under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism" and search for gravitational wave and neutrino sources.
The Discovering the Sky at the Longest Wavelength (DSL) mission would put a small constellation of satellites into lunar orbit, where they could be shielded from terrestrial interference and study undiscovered areas of the electromagnetic spectrum that could reveal signals from the earliest ages of the cosmos.
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer-2 (DAMPE-2) would follow up on the DAMPE mission launched in 2015 and search for evidence of dark matter.
The heliophysics efforts are four of the 13 possible missions.
The Chinese Heliospheric Interstellar Medium Explorer (CHIME).
The SOlar Ring (SOR) mission proposes using a trio of spacecraft orbiting at one astronomical unit (AU) — the same distance at which Earth circles the sun — to collect data on the sun and the inner heliosphere.
The Solar Polar-orbit Observatory (SPO) would study the poles of the sun while in a high-inclination orbit.
The Earth-occulted Solar Eclipse Observatory (ESEO) is designed to orbit at the Earth-Sun Lagrange Point 2, to study the sun's inner corona. (NASA's James Webb Space Telescope also orbits at Earth-Sun L2.)
Four of the missions are intended to study Earth and other members of the solar system.
The E-type Asteroid Sample Return (ASR) would explore the asteroid 1989 ML and return samples from it back to Earth.
The Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer (VOICE) mission is aimed at studying the geological and atmospheric processes occurring on Venus.
The low-Earth orbit Climate and Atmospheric Components Exploring Satellites (CACES) proposes gathering a wealth of data about Earth's climate and atmosphere.
The Ocean Surface Current multiscale Observation Mission (OSCOM) would use satellite Doppler radar to study oceanographic dynamics and energetics.
Two missions would look for planets in the universe.
The Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES) would use micro-arcsecond relative astrometric techniques to study 100 sun-like stars within 33 light-years of Earth.
The Earth 2.0 (ET) mission would specifically seek Earth-size exoplanets that have similar orbits around sun-like stars using a seven-telescope instrument orbiting at Earth-Sun L2.
Each of the 13 proposed New Horizons Program missions will be assessed by a committee on criteria such as budgetary requirements, technological readiness level and how quickly the required technologies could be manufactured ahead of China's 15th Five-year plan. Future science missions are supported by research projects that are part of the New Horizons program.
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