Michael Duff will be the head coach of the club for the next three years.
Oakwell finished bottom of the Championship in the year of 2021.
"The opportunity came around to manage a club of this size, I'm ambitious, I want to progress. I just saw this as the next step," Duff told the club website.
Duff was part of the team that won the League Two title in 2020-21 and led them to their highest ever position in the third tier, as they finished 15th.
"We did everything we could to keep him at the club but ultimately this new opportunity is one that he feels it is right for him at this stage of his career," said the chairman.
The Tykes have had six managers in less than three years, with Duff taking over next season.
They avoided being demoted from the Championship on the final day of the season, thanks to the leadership of Gerhard Struber.
After leading the South Yorkshire club to the play-offs the following season, they lost toSwansea City in the semi-finals, and then went on to win the Championship title.
His replacement, Markus Schopp, lasted just four months as the Tykes finished with six wins and 30 points.
Rob Staton works for the radio station.
Fans of the club have been asking for a different approach after a number of appointments from abroad. After a disappointing season in League One, many wanted someone who knows how to get things back on track. They have what they want.
Most of Duff's supporters will give him a thumbs up. A boss that took over a difficult job and got them moving in the right direction went on to win promotion and record a record finish for the club.
He is seen as a person who could rise up the league. It looks like a good appointment for the man.