The three-month duration of Russia's attack on Ukraine is a surprise to the Russian troops who were told they were being sent on a short mission to topple the Ukrainian government.

Hundreds of tanks, armored vehicles, and aircraft have been lost and tens of thousands of casualties have been suffered by the Russian military.

The lack of progress and heavy losses can be attributed to the stalling of the Ukrainian military, which has made it harder for Russia to advance.

The determination of its forces and leadership, their knowledge of the battlefield, and to their shrewd combination of weapons and training provided by the US and European countries are some of the reasons whyUkraine's success can be attributed.

The evidence

Russian paratroopers in Kyiv Ukraine
Russian paratroopers in the Kyiv region, March 2022.
Russian Ministry of Defense/Mil.ru

Many videos from battlefields in Ukraine show the poor performance of Russian troops.

The Russian military was seen as a competitor of the US but its performance in Ukraine suggests otherwise. Russian forces aren't able to perform at the level Western countries expected of them before the war, as shown in the videos.

In one instance of an individual mistake, a Russian soldier spots a Ukrainian drone and runs back to his unit without thinking about the consequences of doing so. The Ukrainians bombarded his unit with weapons.

A Russian convoy in Mariupol goes down a single lane road with no apparent escape routes. The convoy is made up of cars that aren't armored.

The Ukrainian forces ambush the convoy, taking out the first and last vehicles and starting to pick off the Russians. In an ambush, huddling together is the last thing a professional force would do, as it makes it much easier for its opponent to destroy it.

The explanation

hostomel ukraine tanks
Ukrainian troops are seen after the liberation of Hostomel, Ukraine, April 6, 2022.
Jana Cavojska/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images

There are a number of possible explanations for the poor performance of Russian troops.

If a military is not professional, morale plays a big part. The Ukrainians are fighting for their country. They are fighting for something. A retired Delta Force operator told Insider that that is a powerful motivator.

According to a retired operator who is working with the military, the videos show that Ukrainian forces are familiar with the operational environment and how it looks to both attackers and defenders.

The retired operator said that the Ukrainians used their knowledge to their advantage.

Ukrainian forces have shown that they can use mobile anti-tank teams to take out Russian tanks.

In the early weeks of the war, long convoys traveling single file down Ukrainian roads were a common sight. Russian troops in the convoys were frequently grouped together, making them easy targets for attacks.

Ukrainian serviceman walks next to a destroyed Russian main battle tank T-90M Proryv, as Russia's attack on Ukraine continues, near the village of Staryi Saltiv in Kharkiv region, Ukraine May 9, 2022. Picture taken May 9, 2022. REUTERS/Vitalii Hnidyi
A Ukrainian soldier next to a destroyed Russian T-90M tank near a village in Ukraine's Kharkiv region, May 9, 2022.
REUTERS/Vitalii Hnidyi

"Despite having superior equipment, at least at the outset of the war, the Russians have experienced significant negative impacts from low morale with troops on the front line," said a retired Marine Raider Major.

The author of an account of the first Marine Special Operations combat deployment to Afghanistan said that Russian military leaders confused enthusiasm with capability and have run into the Ukrainian Army and militias who have stood their ground.

Russian objectives have been diminished or denied as a result of the Russian military's "lethargic logistics" and "low morale" among both frontline troops and senior officers.

The concept of "relative superiority" is reflected in the fighting in Ukraine.

The retired operator said that if you achieve relative superiority in certain key places, then you can win or at least be more effective. The Ukrainians are doing a great job.

A Hellenic Army veteran, a defense journalist specializing in special operations, and a graduate of a prestigious university are just some of the things that Stavros Atlamazoglou is.