In a vote of confidence in his leadership, Boris Johnson got the support of over 200 MPs.
Less than 12 hours after it was announced, the Conservatives voted on the prime minister's future.
Johnson's government's authority was damaged by a number of scandals, including partygate, the Owen Paterson affair and other "sleaze" rows.
Theresa May, the former prime minister, was in line to cast her vote.
The prime minister's grip on his leadership has been weakened because of tonight's vote. They wanted to describe the atmosphere in the party.
The current rules prevent another vote from taking place within a year.
The beginning of the end is said to be by a Conservative lawmaker. If he goes voluntarily, it will be better for everyone.
The person predicted that Johnson would be gone in six months.
He would leave the party bitter and divided. The privileges committee report into whether Johnson misled Parliament will be published in September.
One source said that Number 10 had been "complacent" about the battle to get MPs onside as they tried to get Johnson's own MPs to support him.
The prime minister addressed around 200 MPs at a meeting of the 1922 backbench committee, which was met with mixed reaction.
His team, including chief whip Chris Heaton-Harris, deputy chief of staff David Canzini and Conservative Party staffers, rang MPs to make sure they were on his side.
The rebels estimated that they had secured up to 150 MPs against Johnson.
Several colleagues who had publicly supported the prime minister would vote against him, according to two rebels.
Several people went public with their plans to vote against the prime minister, including Jeremy Hunt, Jesse Norman and John Penrose.
According to sources, Johnson was going to make a change as early as Wednesday this week to reward those who stuck by him.