According to securities documents filed Thursday morning, Musk has brought in more than a dozen new investors, including the billionaire Larry Ellison and the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital.

$7 billion will be contributed by the investors and the rest will come from Mr. Musk's own pocket or loans. Mr. Musk said that the deal financing would include about $20 billion in equity investments.

The 18 investors listed in Thursday's filing are a mix of big names such as Fidelity as well as so-called family offices that manage the wealth of billionaires and other rich individuals. An entity associated with Mr. Ellison is investing $1 billion in the exchange. The funds are putting up a combined $800 million.

Two people who received information about a potential investment said that Mr. Musk's representatives had canvassed a wide array of investors in recent days. Traditional private equity firms were unwilling to invest on the terms of the deal.

Mr. Musk had said he was funding the deal with $21 billion in cash, $13 billion in loans from seven banks and $12.5 billion in a loan against his company's stock. The size of the loan against the company's shares will be reduced from $12.50 billion to $6.25 billion.

The reporting was contributed by Anupreeta Das.