For the first time, the path of an exoplanet around a star has been depicted in three dimensions. The alignment of the planet's star to the plane of the two stars could offer clues as to how planets are formed.
There is a planet in the system that is 20.3 light-years away from Earth. Extra data from 2006 to 2011 was gathered by the Very Long Baseline Array, which is a network of 10 radio telescopes strung across the United States. New observations were made with the VLBA in 2020.
As the star GJ 896A moves through space, it appears to wobble. A planet with 2.3 times the mass of Jupiter is causing this wobble. The barycenter is a common center of mass between the planet and its star.
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Astrometry is a method of detecting the motion of stars through space. Astrometry is the only way to see the wobble of a planetary system with more than one star.
The plane of the planet's rotation is different from the plane of the stars' rotation.
Gisela Ortiz-Len, an astronomer at UNAM and a member of the project, said that the planet moves around the main star in the opposite direction to the secondary star.
The majority of known exoplanets are in star systems. The existence of a companion star can cause a planet-forming disk to be torn apart.
"Maybe those models need to be changed," said UNAM's Joelnchez- Bermudez.
Gas giants are thought to take up to 10 million years to get all their gas from the disk around them. The models suggest that the disk in the system will be broken apart by the tides of the companion star.
The existence of a gas giant planet in the system is even more surprising since the stars are red dwarfs. The presence of a gas giant suggests that planets could be formed differently if there are two stars present.
Detailed studies of this and similar systems can help us understand how planets are formed in a system.
There are two different models of how a system and its planets form. Disk fragmenting is when there is a single star and planet forming disk that becomes unstable and splits into two disks that make up two stars and any planets around them.
There is a model called turbulence. The stars and planets are formed by two or more dense concentrations of material collapsing to form the original cloud of gas.
The models need to take the misalignment of GJ 896Ab into account. It's better to replicate the strange system to see how it forms.
The research was published in an astronomy journal.
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